PROJECT

Master of Arts Graduate Program in Communication and Leadership

Program Director, Dr. J. M. Noe

 

Communication and Leadership Pages

Dr. Aitken's Advisees: Capstone of Reflection or Project or Thesis - Comprehensive Exams - Defense of Thesis or Project

 

General Info: Books & Course Materials - Courses to Take Next - Ethics - Expectations of Students - Facebook Group - Graduation Faculty and Staff - Home - Online Learning Help - Program Requirements - Park University Russian-American Academic Program - Registration - Success for Grad Students

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Table of Contents This Page

Deadlines - Getting Started - Finishing - General Information - Grading - Learning Outcomes - Proposal for the Project - Project Ideas - Project or Thesis? - Schedule - Submitting Files - Textbook

 

Tutorials: APA Style Information - Course Expectations & Guidelines for Students - IRB Tutorial - Library Database Tutorial

 

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NOTE:  I am not on staff during the summer term.  Please do not ask me to direct your project, meet with your committee, or read comprehensive exams during the summer.

 

SUBMITTING ASSIGNMENTS TO YOUR COMMITTEE

Send your committee versions along the way.  Make sure you attach a single .doc project file with each communication with your committee.

 

Begin the file name with your last name and include the version at the end, such as

AitkenJoanProjectProposalVersion1.doc  AitkenJoanFinalProjectVersion1.doc

Only use a single, .doc or .txt file.

Make sure the version changes each time, including when I add comments. 

For the PowerPoint, use a small .ppt file of the outline of the presentation you will give. Avoid pictures, although you may use charts.

 

ABSOLUTE FINAL TERM 1 COURSE DEADLINE IS FRIDAY, WEEK 8.

ABSOLUTE FINAL TERM 2, FRIDAY, WEEK 4.

 

Please do NOT expect faculty to be available over the summer when they are not on staff.

 

DOWNLOAD FORMS ("Park" indicates University forms, "JEA" my options.)

 

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Get your job done!

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Week

One Term Project (for a Total of 2-3 Credits)

Sunday deadlines

First Term of 2-Term Project (for a 4-6 Total Credits for Project)

Sunday deadlines

Final Term of 2-Term Project (for a 4-6 Total Credits for Project)

Sunday deadlines

1

Read this page.

Read this page.

Read this page.

2

DEADLINE:  Submit project plan  (20 points)

DEADLINE:  Submit project plan (20 points)

DEADLINE:  Submit final project    (30 points)

3

DEADLINE:  Revise and send proposal to committee for approval.   (20 points)

   

4

 

DUE:  Submit full proposal and review of literature  (20 points)

DEADLINE:  Send final project to committee.  (30 points)

5

DEADLINE:  Submit final project  (20 points)

   

6

DEADLINE:  Send final project to committee. (20 points)

DEADLINE:  Send final proposal to committee. (20 points)

Defend. 

7

   

DEADLINE:  Defend (20 points) and make revisions (20 points)  in order to receive a final grade.

8

DEADLINE:  Successfully defend to receive final grade. (20 points)

Make revisions and send in signed paperwork in order to graduate.

DEADLINE:  Obtain committee approval in order to receive a final grade. (20 points)

DEADLINE:  Send in signed paperwork in order to graduate.

CA700 IMPORTANT GRADUATE PROJECT INFORMATION

 

 

 

All assignments are due by Sunday night in the assigned week.

 

Grading is based on submission of quality work, meeting deadlines, and faculty approval.

  

Weekly attendance is based on your weekly email progress report to your project advisor.

 

Consult the Graduate Catalog and Graduate School Procedures. These requirements are the ones that must be followed.

 

 

If you haven't already, DO NOW! 

Make sure you complete all admission and graduation requirements before beginning this course:  http://onlineacademics.org/DoIt/

  1. Take the GRADUATE RECORD EXAM (GRE), and send the scores to Park U graduate school. 

  2. Apply for graduation, click here.

  3. Schedule your comprehensive exams, which must be PASSED BEFORE your final term of enrollment.  For more information, http://onlineacademics.org/comps/ .

  4. Pull your materials together into a project proposal you will show to faculty.

  5. Think about what faculty you will want on your project committee.

 

 

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

  • Keep moving, with NO PROCRASTINATION

  • Submit your final project early in your final term of enrollment so there's time for revision and defense.

http://onlineacademics.org/CA700/

 

FINAL DEADLINES

 

 

 

IMPORTANT:  Use the schedule appropriate for what you are doing.

CA 700 Tentative Schedule for one 3-hour  term project

Schedule for one 3 credit hour, 8 week course.

If you plan to enroll in only one 3-hour course, you may want to complete all planning steps BEFORE enrolling for credit.

 

Week 1

You need to plan a substantive project/thesis for graduation. You need to decide what you plan to study, but hopefully it will be based on the planning you did in CA 501, 516, or 517. So take your paper from that course and turn it into a proposed project. This proposal is the same basic format you learned in CA 517, except not experimental research, and you can do whatever kind of project on the topic that you want (and your committee agrees to).

 

Please discuss proposed project with your advisor in person or via phone. If appropriate, obtain and read a relevant book for your project choice or whatever research materials are needed.  Finish your review of literature. In most cases, you'll want to make sure you have a quality review of research literature on the topic.  You can synthesize papers and proposals you prepared on the topic for previous courses. Prepare your proposal.  Take the proposal from CA 517 and modify it into to do-able project.

 

Week 2

Finish preparing your proposal so that it is updates and realistic for your project.  Ask two additional faculty member to support your project and receive approval for project choice.   Send your proposal to the committee for their suggestions and approvals.  You cannot use human subjects because there is inadequate time for the one term project.  Finish planning your project. Make any needed contacts. DEADLINE:  Submit project plan

Week 3

Conduct needed research and begin actual project.

DEADLINE:  Revise and send proposal to committee for approval.

Week 4

Finish project and send the project via email to the committee.

Schedule a meeting with your committee when you can defend your project.

Week 5

Prepare a PowerPoint to orally defend your project.  Check with your committee members to see if there are any changes you need to make.  DEADLINE:  Submit final project

Week 6

Defend your thesis to the faculty committee.  Get signature page signed.  Send copy of signature page to Program Director, Graduate School, and Registrar. DEADLINE:  Send final project to committee.

Week 7

Make any needed changes, add the signature page, and print off the project.

Week 8

By Monday, give faculty on your committee a hard copy of the final project.

DEADLINE:  Successfully defend to receive final grade.

Make revisions and send in signed paperwork in order to graduate.

Schedule for two 8-week courses

Schedule for two 8-week courses.

Assignments and Deadlines            

Week 1

 

  1. Discuss proposed project with your advisor in person or via phone.

  2. I do NOT recommend studying human subjects for a project.  If you plan to do plan to use human subjects, you will need to complete the certification and apply for Park University's IRB approval. Do the certification now.  You will need a detailed proposal approved by the whole committee before submitting to the IRB.  For more information, go to http://onlineacademics.org/IRB/

  3. If you plan to study things or do a creative project, no IRB approval is needed. 

  4. Send your work as it stands to all committee members so they know where you are.  Send any new chapter major revision to all committee members as you go along.  You must keep your committee up to date.

Week 2

  1. Obtain and read a relevant book or conduct library research for your project choice.  

  2. In most cases, you'll want to make sure you have a quality review of research literature on the topic. 

  3. Revise your proposal from CA 517 or another class that is the idea for your project work. You can synthesize papers and proposals you prepared on the topic for previous courses or come up with something new.

  4. Send your proposal to your advisor.

DEADLINE:  Submit project plan 

Week 3

  1. Put your committee together.  You need a committee of three faculty.  Make suggestions to your advisor, then contact the other two people to ask them to participate.  Don't take it personally if someone refuses because some faculty are just too busy and part-time faculty are not expected to participate.

  2. Send a photo and paragraph bio to your committee members, any names you use, any email addresses you use.

 

Week 4

  1. Finish preparing your proposal so that it is updates and is a do-able, realistic plan for your project.  If your advisor approves, send your proposal to your committee.  Ask committee members to send any concerns, suggestions, or needed changes directly to you within the next week or two.  Otherwise, you'll assume the faculty member approves.  If you haven't heard from all, resend the proposal with another request for suggestions, explaining that you plan to proceed on X date.

DUE:  Submit full proposal and review of literature to committee. 

Week 5

  1. Finish planning your project. Make any needed contacts, corrections, additional research.

  2. If possible, obtain written or email approval from three faculty on your project proposal.

Week 6

  1. Work on the project.

DEADLINE:  Send final proposal to committee.

Week 7-8

  1. Continue working on your project. 

  2. Send an update of new material only--or highlight new material in color--to your committee members.

DEADLINE:  Obtain committee approval in order to receive a final grade.

Between your first term of enrollment and last term of enrollment.

  1. Continue with your project.  Communicate regularly--at least once a month, preferably once a week--with your advisor.  Make sure your work is nearly complete before enrolling in the last term of the Project.

Wk 1, Term 2 Get finished!

  1. You may want to highlight changes in color.  Make sure it's readable.

  2. Remember, if you don't complete the project in time for graduation, you will have to PAY TO ENROLL ANOTHER TERM.

Wk 2

Write 2 pages a day for 30 days and you'll have the essence done!

  1. Finish project. DEADLINE:  Submit final project  

Wk 3 Conduct

  1. Email an electronic file of your draft to your committee asking for suggestions as you proceed.  Tell them your graduation date and ask them about availability for setting up a meeting in person or by phone to defend your project.

Wk 4 Draft

  1. Final deadline for sending your project to your committee and setting up a meeting for your defense.  You'll need to find an agreeable time and schedule a room.

Wk 5 Time for faculty to read your project.

  1. Give faculty time to read your project. Send a meeting reminder to each faculty member.

  2. Make any needed changes before your defense. 

  3. Prepare PowerPoint in defense. 

Wk 6 Defend

  1. Meet with faculty committee to defend your project. You may want to prepare a PowerPoint. Bring a black pen and the signature form to your defense.

  2. Scan your signed defense form and submit an electronic copy to (a) your advisor, (b) the Program Director, the (c) Director of Graduate School, and (d) the Registrar.

Wk 7 Revise and Submit

  1. Make any changes required by your committee and submit one final copy to your advisor and one to the department or to the committee members.  You must complete this step by Monday of week 8.  FINAL DEADLINE:  Defend

Wk 8

Revised project with signature page due by MONDAY.  Congratulations!  Graduate at the end of the week. FINAL DEADLINE:  Send in signed paperwork in order to graduate.

 

PROJECT OR THESIS?

 

Select a topic and receive your advisor's approval.  I recommend you select a project you already have studied in a previous course.  The content must be related to communication. 

 

PROJECT INSTEAD OF THESIS? If you plan to do original research or conduct research on human subjects, you'll want to complete a thesis.  The thesis option can work well for students who plan to go on for a doctoral degree.  The thesis is typically original research, which uses quantitative or qualitative research.

 

The project is a very flexible study.  If you enroll for a total of 2-3 hours, the project may be a relatively short paper.  If you enroll for 5-6 hours, the project will be a more complex one.  Of course it may be a website, handbook, or forms other than a paper.

 

For a project. I recommend something that does NOT require collecting data on human subjects (interviews, survey) because that will complicate your work because you will need to comply with federal regulations and go through the University's Institutional Research Board (IRB). If you want to conduct research on human subjects, please sign up for the thesis option.
 

Thesis and Project Requirements Communication Arts Department Requirements

 

The M.A. in Communication and Leadership has two program options.  The first is the thesis option, which will provide students with the knowledge and skills to further research interests or gain entry into a Ph.D. program in communication or related areas.  The second is the project option, which provides the opportunity for practicing professionals to sharpen their skills or change careers.  The project may be a video, an information campaign, or media kit, for example. 

 

Both options require the completion of a prospectus/proposal and the same level of ethical standards and rigor.  Additionally, IRB procedures must be followed for both the thesis and the project options.

 

Typically, Thesis or Project hours cannot be started until the student has completed CA500, CA501, CA516, and CA517.

 

Option 1: Thesis

 

Option 1 requires a graduate GPA of 3.0 or higher after 10 hours of graduate courses.

 

Consult the Graduate Catalog and Graduate School Procedures Manual for additional information on thesis procedures.  A minimum of 36 hours is required under this option, including five hours of CA797 Thesis Design and Research.

 

The thesis is original scholarship that includes an exhaustive review and evaluative synthesis of literature or documentary evidence and the collection and analysis of data not previously available.

 

Park University faculty believe the Master's thesis is a major part of the student's educational experience. An acceptable thesis

  • demonstrates independent thought and research,

  • contributes to understanding or potential resolution of an issue in communication, and

  • communicates effectively to a relevant audience.

 

Students in the thesis track are expected to prepare a high quality thesis. Ideally, the thesis should be suitable for submission to a peer reviewed journal or equivalent publication. 

 

The department recommends this option for students planning to pursue graduate study at the doctoral level.

 

Under this option, the department expects each student to present a satisfactory thesis and defend it before a thesis committee of three members of the graduate faculty (one member may be from another department).  Non-graduate faculty may be committee members if they possess expertise in the area under study.

 

 

The Process

 

The first step is the selection of a thesis advisor.  Student-thesis advisor relationships are established in one of two ways. Either the student becomes interested in a topic then selects a thesis advisor on the basis of his/her interest and competency in the area, or the student first becomes interested in the work of a particular faculty member, and then decides to write his/her thesis in that area. Either approach is acceptable. The important thing is that the student feels free to approach any member of the graduate faculty concerning the question of thesis advising.

 

The thesis subject should be selected by the student and approved by the thesis advisor who will direct the research and writing.  Through consultation with the advisor, the student will chose the additional members of the committee and contact them to obtain their commitment to assist the student.  Typically, a committee has three members from the graduate faculty, and may include one member from outside the department. 

 

The student should complete the prospectus while talking the initial two hours of CA797 Thesis Design and Research.  The thesis advisor will assist the student until both advisor and student are satisfied with the prospectus.  The student will then submit the prospectus to the other members of the committee for comments and revisions.  The faculty believe a well-developed prospectus is essential for smooth development of the thesis, so students are urged to be thorough in developing the prospectus.

 

The prospectus should indicate (1) the purpose of the study, (2) a justification of the study, (3) a review of the literature, (4) a research supported explanation of the method to be used, (5) a timeline for completion, (6) an outline of the chapters and (7) a bibliography.  The committee members will act on the prospectus in group conference.  It is best if the student attend the meeting, although attending via phone is acceptable. 

 

After comment and revision to the committee’s satisfaction, the student may take the final three thesis hours.  After the advisor approves each chapter, it should be submitted to the other committee members for comments and revisions.  If the student does not complete the thesis after five hours of class credit, the student must remain enrolled in CA 799—Thesis Continuing Enrollment, until the Thesis has been approved by the committee.

 

Instructions regarding the preparation of the thesis may be obtained from the Graduate School.  The department uses APA style.  Please note that it is the responsibility of the student to comply with the thesis regulations established by the graduate school.  Failure to comply with regulations may result in delay in awarding the degree.

 

Once the final draft has been received and read by the thesis committee, the student will undergo an oral defense of the thesis.  Students must come to campus to present and defend their thesis.  If this represents an extreme hardship, the student’s committee may elect to make other arrangements (e.g., a videoconference).  The thesis advisor will serve as a chairperson of the examination session.  The grade is pass/fail.  The thesis committee has the option to: accept the thesis, reject the thesis, or request revisions. 

 

Following the defense, the committee will meet in private in order to evaluate the final work.  The committee may decide to accept it as is, reject it, or require revisions or further work.  Grades are on a pass/fail basis.

 

NOTE:  The student should continue work on the thesis even if not enrolled in thesis hours.  Typically the thesis will take about six months to complete. Students are advised to consult the current university catalog regarding dates and deadlines related to graduate work. 

 

 

Option II: Applied Learning Project

 

Option II requires a graduate GPA of 3.0 or higher after 15 hours of graduate courses.

 

A minimum of 36 hours is required under this option including two to five hours of CA 700—Graduate Project.   

 

The project is intended for students who are mid-career or who would gain academically and/or professionally from a course of study other than the intensive research and writing experience required in a thesis. 

 

Under this option each student must demonstrate the ability to engage in independent study resulting in a creative or research endeavor involving the formulation of new problems, the elaboration of new implications, or the development of new relationships.   The student should consult with their advisor to determine the number of hours appropriate to their project.  For example, developing a business plan and web page for a home business should take only two credit hours but developing two training and development programs or media kits may require the full five hours of credit.

 

Students may prepare a degree project that could take a variety of forms, including a place-based problem solving exercise, a specific policy proposal, a website, business communication training materials, a creative video or photography exhibit, business promotion materials, or a videotaped program or other project that is not predominantly written material.  Such projects must meet the same standards of academic excellence as the traditional thesis. 

 

An example project is to create two training and development programs.  These may be instructional units on topics relevant to the student’s employment or developed through consultation with area nonprofit organizations.  Another example would be to create two media kits, which contain an array of promotional writing and mediated materials designed for at least two different nonprofit organizations.  For example, a student might have the goal of starting a business to develop media kits for non-profit organizations.  The student’s idea for the project is to develop a media kit for a woman’s shelter where he/she volunteers.  Because the student completing this project has not demonstrated the ability to work for a variety of different non-profit organizations, he or she needs develop at least two different media kits for the project to help the student reach his/her business goal.  In all cases a student must also submit a summary of the research and/or data collection that was necessary for the completion of the project.

 

 

Project Process

 

The project subject should be selected by the student and approved by the advisor who will direct the research, writing, and practical work.  Through consultation with the advisor, the student will chose the two additional members of the committee (this can include one member from outside the department and/or one member with subject-matter expertise) and contact them to obtain their commitment to assist the student.

 

The student should complete the initial stages of the project while talking the first few hours of CA700—Graduate Project.  The student will first develop a proposal.  The project proposal should match the complexity of the project itself.   At a minimum, the proposal should indicate (1) the purpose of the project, (2) a justification of the project, (3) a clear explanation of the project, and (4) a timeline for completion.  Larger projects may require a literature review and bibliography.  The project advisor will assist the student until both advisor and student are pleased with the work.  The student will then submit the work to the other members of the committee for comments and revisions.  The committee members will act on the prospectus in group conference.  It is best if the student attend the meeting, although attending via phone is acceptable.  The department will schedule meetings during the second week of Fall I and Spring I and the fourth week of Fall II and Spring II for project review.   Students are advised to plan ahead to finish their work for consideration at these meetings. The faculty believe a well-developed plan is essential for smooth development of the project, so students are urged to be thorough in developing the prospectus.

 

A Project Committee may include one faculty member who does not have graduate standing, if his/her expertise is relevant and necessary for the specific project.

 

After comment and revision to the committee’s satisfaction, the student may take additional hours of CA700—Graduate Project as determined by their advisor.  The final work will be presented by the students at a meeting of graduate students, the project committee, and other faculty members.  The department will schedule meetings during the second week of Fall I and Spring I and the fourth week of Fall II and Spring II for project review.   Students are advised to plan ahead to finish their project for consideration at these meetings.

 

Students must come to campus to present and defend their project.  If this represents an extreme hardship, the student’s committee may elect to make other arrangements (e.g., a videoconference). 

 

Following the public presentation, the committee will meet in private in order to evaluate the final work.  The committee may decide to accept it as is, reject it, or require revisions or further work.  Grades are on a pass/fail basis.

 

Students are advised to consult the current university catalog regarding dates and deadlines related to graduate work.

 

 

Comprehensive Exams

 

All graduate students will be required to take comprehensive exams in order to graduate.  The comprehensive exam is designed to assess the student learning and the success of the program.  Students are reminded to read the statement on academic honesty in the graduate catalog before beginning the exam.

 

Students should expect four to eight questions which will be derived from the program goals.  They should consult their advisor about which faculty will submit and grade exam questions.  The program director will obtain the questions from the faculty and pass them on to the student.  Students will have 24 hours to complete the exam.  If students have difficulty with particular exam questions, they should contact the faculty submitting the question.  Exam questions will be graded by the faculty member who submitted the question and returned, with comments, to the program director.  Results will be returned to the students within two weeks. If the student does not meet expectations, they may be asked to rewrite portions of the exam or address additional questions.  Such revisions must be completed within one week of student receipt of the request for revision.  At that point, students will either pass or fail the exam.  Exams must be passed at least eight weeks before graduation.  Students are advised to plan ahead to meet deadlines.

 

PROJECT IDEAS

 

 

The Project is a flexible learning experience, which fits into one of multiple project options. These project choices should be based on your advisor's expertise for being able to guide students. If you want a different type of project, work it out with your advisor in advance of enrolling. So, select a practical topic you love, which perhaps you have been studying in the program so far. Topics typically relate to organizational communication or leadership communication.  Here are example topics:

  1. Start an eBay business.

  2. Present a Leadership Practices Inventory training session.

  3. Conduct online PR and thought leadership with webpage and blog.

  4. Start an eBusiness--online money-making project.

  5. Write creative stories or cases about family communication.

  6. Create and upload a website about communication resources in the community.

  7. Prepare instructional training materials that can be used at work.

  8. Create a business plan for a home business you want to start.

  9. Write a booklet about text-messaging language.

  10. Learn about and set up a social networking account for more effective business communication (e.g., http://www.blogger.com/  , http://twitter.com/ ).

The project may include synthesizing work for previous courses. Ideally, you reflect on your program so that you will actually use what you learned in a professional context. In other words, the project may be a pragmatic one, which you can use in your personal or professional life.

 

BE PRACTICAL. Because you are coming into this project having completed the majority of courses in the program, you should have a strong background in communication and leadership research-based theories.  Select a project that will be useful to you in some way.
 

Getting Started

 

 

Determination - Little Pine

http://www.posters.com

ASSIGNMENT FOR WEEK ONE
I need something "on paper" showing your idea for the project.  I try hard to give feedback on everything by Tuesday.

FINALIZE YOUR TOPIC IMMEDIATELY
In the project, there is much flexibility.  The main problems for students are (a) failing to get started and (b) procrastination.  At this point, you've studied enough about communication so that you know a topic you like.  Your topic must relate to communication.  Settle on what you want to do and move forward. 

I recommend something that does NOT require collecting data on human subjects (interviews, survey) because that will complicate your work in that you will need to comply with federal regulations and go through the University's Institutional Research Board (IRB).  If you want to conduct research on human subjects, please sign up for the thesis option.

You need a topic that interests you, preferably that has practical applications for you.  If it turns out not to be the perfect topic, that's okay.  Here are my course objectives for the project.
1.      Study a topic in depth.
2.      Demonstrate effective writing, media, or other communication skills.
3.      Defend your work and ideas through a defense to your committee.

CREDIT HOURS
You can do a project for 3 hours if you began the program in Fall, 2008 or if you obtain approval from the Director of the program.  If you are taking the whole project for only 3 hours, you need to finalize your topic immediately, and see if all committee members approve before you proceed.  You need to complete the whole project this term, and 8 weeks will fly by.  Be realistic.  Figure out something you can do in that amount of time.

If you are taking the project for more than 3 credit hours or over two terms, you need to get the proposal by your committee this term, then can actually finish the project the next time you enroll.

REMEMBER TO TAKE CARE OF GRAD SCHOOL DETAILS
I hate to nag about these things, but before you graduate you have to do the following.
•       Take the GRE and submit the scores to the grad school.
•       Apply for graduation https://www.park.edu/registrar/gradapp/ Deadline for Application:
December Commencement..................April 1
May Commencement..................November 1
August Completion..............................April 1
•       Comprehensive exam must be PASSED before your final term of enrollment. 

COURSE INFORMATION
There is supporting information in the course here:
Syllabus  http://www.park.edu/syllabus/list.aspx 
My planning documents for the course http://onlineacademics.org/CA700/  
Forms:  http://onlineacademics.org/CA797/Forms/

YOUR COMMITTEE
You know that we have a small faculty at Park.  If you know a faculty member at another university who would be willing to be your third person, that would be fine.  We can set up the final project defense as a teleconference, so having a committee member at a distance is fine. 

COMMUNICATE MONTHLY WITH YOUR COMMITTEE
Faculty may be on a dozen student committees, so do not assume that they remember who you are or the last thing you told them.  Communicate regularly with your committee members. 

Send your committee members a photo and a paragraph bio to help them remember who you are. 

If you use more than one name, send a list of all the names you use (legal name, nicknames, name changed by marriage), and emails addresses you are using to communicate with them.  Most faculty prefer that you use the Park email because of security and virus protection. 

About once a month while you are enrolled in the course, please send your committee a brief email updating them on your progress.  Also ask for them to tell you any suggestions for changes you should incorporate.


OFFICE HOURS
Remind me if you don't have my home phone number. Do not hesitate to call me at home because I don't mind at all.  Please don't leave a message, however, because I don't check them, but instead call back.  II seldom have my cell phone turned on, but I don't have long distance service at Park, so if I call you from my Park office, it will be from this number.  I think it's identified as "Kansas Call."

 

We can always set up an appointment to talk. Contact information:

Dr. Joan Aitken, Professor, Communication Arts
229 Copley, 8700 NW River Park Drive, Park University, Parkville, MO 64152
816-584-6785 (office & message)

 

 

PREPARING THE PROPOSAL

 

 

PROJECT PROPOSAL TEMPLATE

Put this information together and send it to your committee as soon as possible.  DUE  WEEK 5.  ABSOLUTE FINAL DEADLINE IS WEEK SIX!  MUST GO TO FACULTY COMMITTEE MONDAY OF WEEK 7.

 

Title Page (page 1):

Title is strictly factual regarding what the project is about.

Your Name

A Project Proposal in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts, Communication and Leadership

Park University

Abstract:  The purpose of this project is to _________.  The importance of this project is __________.  The procedures will be _____________. (page 2)

Proposal Plan (page 3-7):

 

·        Problem.

·        What is the question you will answer?

·        Operational definitions of independent and dependent variables and any other key terms.

·        Importance.

·        Justification of the work, including purpose and rationale.

·        Procedures.

·        Exactly what you plan to do and how you will do it.

·        Timetable of when each stage will be complete.

 

Review of Literature (pages 8-20).

 

Reference List [Twenty peer-reviewed, scholarly journal articles from the database Communication and Mass Media Complete (EBSCO Host) http://www.park.edu/library/ .  All sources actually cited in the review of literature are on the reference list and everything in the reference list needs to be cited in the proposal.  (final pages)].

 

 

GETTING FINISHED

 

 

Sure! We'll Finish

http://www.posters.com/pv-385549_Sure-Well-Finish.html

TIMETABLE

Do NOT expect faculty to be available over the summer when they are not on staff.

Leave yourself plenty of time in your final term so that you finish on time.  Work backwards according to your schedule.  Figure on at least one week and maybe two weeks for the faculty committee to read your work.  No one has time for anything week 8.  You'll need to schedule the defense for week 6 or 7.  That means you should submit the final draft of your project to the faculty committee week 4 of the final term of enrollment.

 

THE DEFENSE

You take control of the meeting, otherwise the faculty will, and it will be less pleasant for you.  In person students often provide food or drink.  There will just be three faculty in addition to yourself.

 

PowerPoint
Please send your single file, small, .ppt format PowerPoint in advance to all committee members particularly because someone may decide to meet via phone. There should be no voice over.  This should be an outline of your presentation.  You will speak on the phone.  There's no need for visuals.  Plan to spend about 5 minutes on your presentation.  Everyone read what you wrote, so emphasize what you learned through the process and how it related to your other courses.

 

For distance students, I'll show the PowerPoint presentation on my computer.  Because it will be small, use high contrast, large arial font, about 5 words across and 5 lines per slide.  Use bullet points.  No pictures, although charts may be useful.  Do NOT write our paragraphs and read them.

 

PROJECT SIGNATURE PAGE
You will need a signature page for your project, which is signed by the three faculty on your committee.  What I recommend is using multiple copies if any faculty member is at a distance during your defense.  Make sure you scan and keep a copy of that page(s) with signatures.  Not at Park, but I've seen committees that had a problem after the fact and tried to hold up graduation, which they could not do because the student had the signature page.  Don't expect your advisor to make everything go smoothly.  What if I win the lottery and blow you off?  Ultimately you are responsible for all the paperwork, sending it to the right people, and making sure you graduate.  Be responsible for taking care of everything yourself.

You need three signatures on a page(s), scan it, and send it electronically to the Program Director, the Graduate School, and the Registrar.  THEN you can go party.

 

General Information

about the MA Program

 

Persistence - Snowboarder

http://www.posters.com/pv-494764_Persistence--Snowboarder.html

HTML clipboard

 

See Department Guidelines for Exact Project Requirements.

Remember, the project is NOT a portfolio and NOT comprehensive exams. You still must take the comprehensive exams separately.

 

DEPT. & PARK RULES. The student has the responsibility of finding out and following departmental and Park University rules. You will find those in the graduate catalog. Your advisor cannot over-ride departmental or university rules. The department and university requirements supersede faculty requirements.

 

GRADUATE RECORD EXAM (GRE).  Park University requires that you complete the GRE and submit your scores to the Graduate School.  You cannot graduate from the program without completing this step. See http://www.ets.org/

 

COMPREHENSIVE EXAMS. The department or university requires separate comprehensive exams of students who complete a project.  These need to be PASSED at least 8 weeks prior to graduation.  You will have 24 hours to write.  You can use any books or materials, but you canNOT use help from any person.  Here is Dr. Aitken's information about comps http://onlineacademics.org/comps/

 

APPLICATION FOR GRADUATION.  Go to the Park website, find and complete the online form (Application for Graduation), and pay fees for graduation.
 

August Completion or December Commencement Deadline: April 1

 May Commencement Deadline: November 1

 

COMMITTEE. You will present your project and defend your project, either by telephone conference or in person.

 

You may want to talk with your advisor about your project, do advance planning, and receive oral approval IN ADVANCE. You will want to have a clear idea of the nature of your project BEFORE enrolling in the final term so you can complete the project well before the end of the one 8-week term. 

 

Textbooks

 

Use the 6th edition of the APA Publication Manual.

 

No required textbook.  This project should be a time when you review all relevant course materials you studied during the program, which may include books or peer-reviewed research articles from journals in communication. Because you are coming into this project with a strong background of the communication and leadership research-based theories, however, you may want to read a trade book from the popular press to see what is being said about the subject.

 

Grading

100% of the project grade is based on the advisor's evaluation of the project submitted by week 6 and revised according to committee requirements by Monday of week 8.

 

No incompletes.  If you don't plan on meeting deadlines, you will want to use a different advisor.

 

Application for Graduation Deadlines https://www.park.edu/registrar/gradapp/diploma.aspx

 

 

August Completion or December Commencement: April 1

 

 

 May Commencement: November 1

 

Available for purchase from allposters.com

allposters.com

 

Course Learning Outcomes

 

  1. Demonstrate an understanding of the centrality of communication in all aspects of personal and organizational life.

  2. Demonstrate your ability of students to read and conduct research and apply the principles to your own organizations.

  3. Demonstrate that you exchanged ideas with other students and organizational leaders concerning the requirements to achieve excellence.

  4. Demonstrate an historical overview of leadership perspectives from the 1940s to the present.

  5. Demonstrate an awareness of the communication styles and values of different cultures and how these factors influence business in a global environment.

  6. Demonstrate that you can combine theoretical knowledge and practical skills to resolve organizational issues and improve decision-making.

  7. Demonstrate that you have developed a framework for ethical conduct in contemporary organizations.

Caution!

The main dangers of the project choice are student procrastination and failure to have your advisor and any committee members on board with the project PRIOR to enrolling for final hours.

 

You may want to talk with your advisor about your project, do advance planning, and receive oral approval IN ADVANCE. You will want to have a clear idea of the nature of your project BEFORE enrolling in the course so you can complete the project well before the end of the one 8-week term. 

 

Thus, you will want to make sure you plan your project prior to enrolling and stay on schedule, while working with your advisor along the way. 

You can do this!

 

 

 

 

 

APA Writing Style http://onlineacademics.org/APA.html

IRB Tutorial http://onlineacademics.org/IRB/

Library Tutorial http://onlineacademics.org/LibraryTutorial/

MA Project Ideas http://onlineacademics.org/CA700/

Program Goals http://www.park.edu/grad/masters-cl-goals.aspx

 

 

 

INFORMATION BELOW IS FROM POSSIBLE TEXTBOOKS, WHICH YOU MAY USE TO GUIDE YOUR PROJECT.

 

Action Survey or Other Action Research Project


Have an action research project idea?

 

Textbook: Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson.

 

The Action Research Project is typically an applied study, which is short on library research and long on actual survey, focus group, or other active data collection and analysis. Talk with your advisor in advance, and submit your proposal to the faculty. You can use a proposal prepared in another course (e.g., CA 517).

 

Project Organization

APA 1.06 Title Page

Use a descriptive scholarly title, which clearly explains the paper’s content—NOT an attention-getter. Give your name, Park University, date.

APA 1.07 Abstract (100 -150 word summary of the question, method, and results)

APA 1.08 I. Introduction

This is the background to the problem. 

A. Research question.

1. A brief history of interest in the area.

2. Specify unresolved issues, theoretical questions, and/or social concerns.

3. Rationale for the study.

B. Review of Literature. A review of literature is an examination of key peer-reviewed journal articles on the topic. In an action research project, this might be a brief overview of theory building in the field. Group information according to ideas, NOT according to research articles. This section is NOT an annotated bibliography. Please use subheadings to generally describe each idea.

1. Paragraphs about first idea from review of literature.

2. Paragraphs about second idea from review of literature.

3. Paragraphs about third idea from review of literature.

C. Problem Statement -- Drawing from the literature review of 20-50 sources, explain the ideas you plan to investigate. Include the following:

1. Identify variables (dependent and independent variables).

2. Delineate the research problem to explain the relationships expected among variables (research questions or hypotheses).

APA 1.09 Method

1. Description of Method

a. Describe why the research method (e.g., survey research) is used.

2. Instruments or measures

a. Operational definitions of dependent and independent variables

b. Instrument – rationale for the measure to be used (e.g., questionnaire, focus group, interview).

3. Participants and procedures

a. Selection of subjects (i.e., who and how to get them -- sampling procedure).

b. Explain how materials will be distributed.

c. Describe how data will be collected.

d. Describe how data will be analyzed.

APA 1.10 Results

APA 1.11 Discussion

APA 1.13 References (emphasize peer-reviewed articles in the field of communication and leadership). Each reference listing needs to be cited in your final proposal and each citation in your final proposal will be in the reference list.

APA 1.14 Appendix (e.g., text under study, measure or unpublished test and its validation, the printout of results from surveymonkey.com).

 

Survey Monkey

 

If using a measure, you can use a measure that already exists or create your own measure. For an experiment, you might have subjects complete the survey (pre-treatment), then do the experimental treatment, then repeat the measure (post-treatment).

 

You will want to write your questions in advance so you have an idea of what you need to ask. You'll want to decide whether to ask open-ended or close-ended questions or both. Here is some information about types of questions from San Diego State University:

 

How Do I Know Which Type of Question to Use?

Type of question...

Best Used for...

Open-ended

Breaking the ice in an interview; when respondents' own words are important; when the surveyor doesn't know all the possible answers.  If you use an interview, you will need a script of all your questions.

Closed-ended

Collecting rank ordered data; when all response choices are known; when quantitative statistical results are desired.

Likert-scale

To assess a person's feelings about something.

Multiple-choice

When there are a finite number of options (remember to instruct respondents as to the number of answers to select).

Ordinal

To rate things in relation to other things.

Categorical

When the answers are categories, and each respondent must fall into exactly one of them.

Numerical

For real numbers, like age, number of months, etc.

 

 

SurveyMonkey.com is a free service for data collection. More sophisticated data collection and analysis can be purchased, but you'll be able to do an array of work with the free service. Everything is kept confidential on data collection so you don't know who says what. Click here to go to SurveyMonkey. I've never had any problem with the service.

 

Step 1: Create an account.

Step 2: Create your survey.

The key link tabs are at the top. Select "Create Survey."

To create the survey, start from scratch.

 

 

First select the colors.

 

 

Then enter questions you want to ask in the order you want to ask them. Keep it short. Ask ONLY questions you need answered. Use the dropdown menu to select the type of question.

 

 

Make sure your questions are clear and have a single idea in each question.

Add a introductory page

 

 

and thank you page.

 

 

You can select the colors you like.

 

 

You'll want to proof your survey and make sure it looks like you want.

 

 

You might want to have a friend test your survey to see if everything is clear.

 

When your survey is done and you have previewed it, go to "Collect Responses." You'll need the url so you can collect data. Here is my example, click here.

 

 

Step 3: Email people about your survey. This will be a long url because it will go to your specific survey.

 

Step 4: Analyze the results by going to the "Analyze Results" tab to see the answers.

 

 

 

 

Reading Summary

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Outline

1. Why We Do Research.

Everyday Thinking.

Scientific Thinking.

The Purposes of Scientific Research.

Research Methods.

2. Finding Ideas to Research.

Generating Topics.

Searching for Research.

Literature Reviews.

Theory and Reasoning.

The Ethics of Research.

3. Designing Research: Concepts, Hypotheses, and Measurement.

Variables and Hypothesis.

Levels of Measurement.

Scales and Indexes.

Accuracy and Consistency in Measurement.

4. Developing a Questionnaire.

Using Questionnaires in Survey Research.

Conceptualizing the Task.

Measuring Attitudes and Opinions.

Measuring Behavior.

Demographics.

Formatting the Questionnaire.

Online Survey Design.

Pilot Testing the Questionnaire.

Coding Questionnaires.

Ethical Concerns in Questionnaire Design.

Finding Respondents.

5. Sampling.

Some Basic Sampling Concepts.

Probability Sampling.

Nonprobability Sampling.

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies.

Sample Size.

6. Presenting Data: Descriptive Statistics.

Presenting Univariate Data.

The Normal Curve and Z-Scores.

7. Analyzing Data: Bivariate Relationships.

Presenting Nominal and Ordinal Data In Tables.

Testing Bivariate Relationships.

8. Analyzing Data: Comparing Means.

T-Tests.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Differences not Strength.

9. Analyzing Data: Multiple Variables.

Elaborating Relationships: Control Variables.

Multiple Relationships.

10. Presenting Results, Making Conclusions, and Writing Reports.

Interpretations and Conclusions.

Audiences and Reports.

The Journey Finishes.

 

Chapter One
WHY WE DO RESEARCH

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

 

Learning Goals

In this chapter, the differences between everyday thinking and scientific thinking are discussed. An argument is made about the advantages of doing survey research and understanding various kinds of research: exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and evaluation. The chapter concludes with a comparison of quantitative and qualitative research methods. By the conclusion, you should be able to give examples of everyday thinking, discuss the components of scientific reasoning, list the different types of research methods, and describe them.

The purpose of this chapter is to understand that the quantitative research method is one of many different ways people come to understand the world around them. Some argue that the social and behavioral sciences (such as sociology, psychology, political science, and anthropology) are not “real sciences” and that any attempts to mimic them just do not work. After all, social sciences deal with human behavior, that is, it is governed by free will and the vagaries of every day life. Science just won’t do.

Engaging students in a debate about what is science and what is not is a good way to begin a course that emphasizes the more scientific, quantifiable, and statistical methods used to gather data. The outcome could be a solid understanding that the scientific method itself might also be a “social construction,” albeit one that has been verified over time and has withstood numerous attempts to change it.

Equally productive is to help students arrive at an awareness of the many ways throughout a typical day they engage in both “scientific” methods and “everyday thinking” with its inaccurate generalizations and sampling techniques. This allows them to see that we manage to survive without scientific reasoning in many daily routines, yet for many important decisions we depend on a more structured and systematic method. This also gets students to see that they already know some quantitative methods and that the course will build on their strengths and develop the techniques in more depth.

It goes without saying that many students are frightened, worried, and anxious about the quantitative methods or statistics course. This is often not an elective chosen to fill out their schedule, but a requirement for their major. Whatever can be done the first day to alleviate these concerns should be done. And one way is to engage them in a discussion of what they already know that could be helpful in learning the course’s material.

 

Chapter Two
FINDING IDEAS TO RESEARCH

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Text Box:  

Learning Goals

Discovering topics to study by searching for research ideas and finding existing studies is one of the goals of this chapter. Learning to write a good literature review is discussed, especially in the context of using theory to guide your research. The chapter also raises the ethical issues involved in doing research. By the end of the chapter you should be able to search for topics in the library and in computer databases, write a coherent and focused review of the research literature, and raise the ethical concerns various kinds of research topics might create.

 

Students often wonder where to begin a research project. Too many times, they have a very large topic that is virtually impossible to study and they need to learn how to narrow it to something more manageable. Understanding how to do a good library search and literature review is an important step in the research process. If often helps to bring in examples of literature reviews from journal articles and show the students what goes into writing them. Too often people begin by summarizing one study after another without any attempt at distilling key themes or organizing them in any coherent way.

 

All research requires attention to ethics and ethical matters should be a major focus of the discussion. Ethical issues are easily illustrated with actual examples from research studies and by presenting situations that can result in different ethical dilemmas and interpretations. The key goal is to open students’ eyes to the impact of what they are doing, not just to have them come up with a definite solution to an ethical situation.

 

Chapter Three

DESIGNING RESEARCH: CONCEPTS, HYPOTHESES, AND
MEASUREMENT

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Text Box:  

 

Learning Goals

 

Central to doing survey research is understanding the idea of operationalization and how to go from ideas to concepts to variables. Learning the various levels of measurement is also essential for analyzing data. This chapter discusses how to write hypotheses using independent and dependent variables and how to evaluate the reliability and validity of measures. By the end of the chapter you should be able to distinguish the different levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, and interval/ratio; discuss the various kinds of reliability and validity; and write one-directional, two­directional, and null hypotheses.

 

This chapter is central to the use of statistics later in the book. Decisions about which statistic to use are typically based on their levels of measurement, so it is crucial that you spend time working through the topics in Chapter 3. These ideas can be difficult ones to grasp initially, especially if you are unfamiliar with research. If you have questions, be sure to talk to your advisor.

 

Although many of the concepts have everyday meanings (such as reliable, valid, hypothesize, median) slightly different from the scientific usage, it does facilitate learning to think about how you use them in ordinary conversations. In so doing, the terms and concepts might seem less foreign to your.

 

It is also important to communicate that how researchers decide to measure a concept can affect the subsequent data analysis and interpretations. Think about “trade-offs” decisions and how no study can be perfectly designed, which helps to illustrate that some choices even at these early stages of research can have differing impacts later on.

 

This is also a good time to think about the “art” of doing research, that is, to think about the creative element in the design of research. When researchers have to construct their own measurements, to develop interesting and unique research questions or hypotheses, and to decide on which concepts to assess, they have the opportunity to create innovative work. The easy way is to simply do what everyone else has, but the imaginative route is to do something unique.

 

Chapter Four
DEVELOPING A QUESTIONNAIRE

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Text Box:  

Learning Goals

In this chapter you will read about the strengths and weaknesses of different types of survey methods. You will also learn how to design a questionnaire: How to write attitude, behavior, and demographic questions and format a survey. Coding responses and preparing data for computer analysis are important skills discussed as well. By the end of the chapter, you should be able to critique poorly written questionnaires, write a good questionnaire for distribution in a small study, and understand the different ways of designing questions and format for surveys.

 

Writing a questionnaire is a creative task that comes more easily to some than to others. Faced with a blank screen or piece of paper, many people have no idea where or how to begin. This chapter provides some guidelines about putting together a good survey for beginners.

 

Like any writing assignment, drafts should be reviewed and comments provided on early versions of any survey. It is important that enough time be planned to allow for rewrites and learning how to write a survey good enough to distribute. One useful task is to have other students in the course or friends be respondents for your survey. They can “take” the survey and provide feedback before a final version is printed or put on SurveyMonkey and distributed.

 

Sometimes it helps to think about and to talk out loud about what you want to know. Too often students have a very vague or broad idea about what to study. This makes it difficult to begin to write a clear and concise questionnaire. Carry on a conversation with a friend about the topic. How would you begin? What kinds of things would you like to know that you don’t know already? Talk with your advisor about your ideas.

 

As with all new skills, practice is important, so the more you can review published questionnaires, poor quality ones in magazines and junk mail, and items printed in academic articles, the more you will see what goes into operationalizing, formatting, and designing a questionnaire.

 

You may want to use a questionnaire that has been developed by a scholar or professional in the field of communication studies. That approach is fine too.

 

Chapter Five

SAMPLING

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Learning Goals

This chapter explains random probability sampling and describes different methods for obtaining samples. You will learn about longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs. By the end of the chapter you should be able to distinguish several types of probability and non-probability sampling, describe various kinds of longitudinal research designs, and explain the idea of sampling error.

 

There are many ways to generate a sample of respondents, but only a few methods allow researchers to make generalizations about a population with any accuracy and consistency. A key idea is to recognized that unless you use a probability sampling technique, your results can only be reported about those people completing the study. The results will not be generalizable.

 

Many people erroneously assume that going around and giving out surveys randomly results in an actual random sample. It’s important to distinguish the everyday use of the word “random” from the more scientific meaning it has when attached to sampling strategies.

 

Most assignments for a Master's project do not allow the time and do not have the funds to generate a large sample. Yet it is not impossible to attempt a random sample strategy. More than likely, however, the return rate for surveys, especially on a college campus, is too low to result in a representative or random sample. Understand the limitations of the sample you are likely to generate.

 

Critical thinking plays an important part in reading surveys and journal articles. Think about call-in or on-line computer surveys--e.g., SurveyMonkey.com.

 

As always, journal articles provide ample examples of sampling and the limitations of response rates in actual research.

 

Chapter Six
PRESENTING DATA: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Learning Goals

Understanding how to describe your findings using graphs, tables, and statistics is the focus of this chapter. By the end of the chapter you should be able to decide how to use the mean, median, mode, standard deviation when presenting data. You should also understand the concept of the normal curve and z-scores. In addition, you will learn the idea of probability and statistical significance.

 

This is the first of four chapters devoted to explaining basic statistical analyses. And this information is the start of much anxiety for many students. If needed, your advisor can help you review some very basic mathematics and reassure you that the most important skill is thinking quantitatively, not calculating arithmetic. You can use calculators, online calculators, Excel, or SPSS, or whatever software you want that your advisor accepts.

 

What is crucial is your ability to make decisions about which statistics are most appropriate in different conditions and learning how to interpret statistical output and results. Knowing when to use particular statistics and knowing what they mean are the skills stressed in these chapters instead of how to calculate them by hand.

Some faculty believe that students really learn statistics by having them work through problems and calculating formulas. Others feel that math anxiety overwhelms students’ abilities to understand the material when they are expected to learn the mathematics. For the purpose of your project, figure out what you want to know, what data you will collect, and how you will analyze that data. Students often relate well to data analysis when they see themselves in it.

The statistics in Chapter 6 are the basic building blocks for later ideas.

 

Chapter Seven
ANALYZING DATA: BIVARIATE RELATIONSHIPS

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Learning Goals

Understanding bivariate statistical analysis is the focus of this chapter. Central to this concept is learning how to read and construct cross-tables of data and deciding which statistics to use to measure association and correlation. By the end of the chapter you should understand how to reject or accept a hypothesis using the appropriate statistics to assess bivariate relationships. You should also be able to put together cross-tables and interpret them clearly in words.

 

Once students understand how to present data one variable at a time, they often are eager to know how they could then test whether there is a relationship between two of variables at the same time. How do I know if men or women are more likely to strongly agree or disagree with a statement about interpersonal relationships, for example?

The goals of the chapter are to help students make decisions about which statistic to use when analyzing bivariate relationships and how to interpret the findings presented in table form with the accompanying statistics. It’s important, however, to review how to set up a crosstable of data. A very common mistake is to confuse, for example, “20 percent of men are communication and leadership majors” with “20 percent of communication and leadership majors are men.” You may need to work with your advisor to make sure you understand how to read tables.

 

Another typical mistake is for students to attempt to put interval/ratio data in tables. Usually if these variables have many values (such as GPA) the table will have multiple empty cells and go on for pages and pages. The table is virtually unreadable. Realize that crosstables are ideally suited to nominal and ordinal measures.

 

Now is also the time to think about hypothesis testing and how you reject or accept a hypothesis based on the statistic and its probability level. Much of the output on computer statistical programs, such as SPSS, include items that are beyond the scope of many students. You may want to read the chapter, then discuss with your advisor such ideas as the value of the statistic and its significance level. Now is a good time to think about the elements required to establish a cause and effect relationship.

 

One other point of confusion is the increasing value of a correlation from 0 to 1 and the decreasing value of probability level from 1 to 0. A correlation of .05 is not the same as a probability value of .05. Make sure you can distinguish the difference. Correlations are measures of strength. Like when you consider the value of money, the closer you are to $1.00, the stronger is the value.

 

For alpha levels, realize that is important to have no probability of something occurring by accident or chance. You want to be sure that the independent variable exerts an influence on the dependent one because it is meaningful, not just because it could happen accidentally quite often (that is, greater than 5 percent of the time).

 

Chapter Eight
ANALYZING DATA: COMPARING MEANS

 

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Learning Goals

This chapter shows you how to assess differences between means using t-tests and analysis of variance. As with other bivariate data analysis, knowing when to use these statistical procedures and how to interpret them is central to testing hypotheses. By the end of the chapter you should be able to understand what t-tests and ANOVA are and when they are suitable for data analysis.

 

Until now, you have been learning to test relationships between an independent and a dependent variable. Sometimes, however, the research question or hypothesis can be evaluated by looking at differences in means. This comparison is especially appropriate when the dependent variable is measured with an interval/ratio scale or an equal-appearing ordinal scale. In addition, many researchers simply want to know about a difference between two groups in an experiment, or between those subjects who completed the questionnaire and those who didn’t.

 

This chapter simply asks if there is a difference between two means (t-test) or among three or more (ANOVA). Don't get bogged down when trying to understand the formulas or how to interpret the output. Formulas for the t-test and ANOVA are presented in boxes for those students who would like to learn the statistics this way.

 

Realize that when researchers are comparing scores among groups or categories of people (such as between majors and nonmajors), it is very likely there will be some difference. It would be highly unusual for two or more groups to have the exact same mean on a particular variable. Hence, the object is to understand if the difference that is evident is a statistically significant one, that is, if it could have occurred by chance alone less than 5 percent of the time such samples were analyzed. The statistical question asked is also whether that difference among means is the same as the difference among means in the populations from which the samples were drawn.

 

In this chapter, the basic ideas of inferential statistics, sampling, significance level, standard errors, and confidence levels come together in relatively easily understood terms. But if these statistical concepts become difficult, the simplest way to think about the content is to say that these statistics (t-test value and F-value) and their accompanying probability levels of significance help us answer the essential question about whether there is a difference in means between two groups or among three or more categories.

 

Be careful that you do not confuse the wording of a hypothesis used to test differences with one used to test relationships. Often students will write “There is no difference between gender and GPA” when they really mean “There is no difference in average grades (GPA) between men and women” or “Men and women have around the same GPA.” Be precise.

 

Chapter Nine
ANALYZING DATA: MULTIPLE VARIABLES

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Learning Goals

This chapter may be beyond the scope of your project. This chapter focuses on the analysis of three or more variables to answer more complex research questions. It discusses when to use various kinds of multivariate analyses and how to elaborate your findings with additional variables. By the end of the chapter you should be able to interpret multiple regression analyses and perform elaboration techniques with control variables.

 

You may be wondering how to test out more elaborate research questions. A useful technique is to speculate what variables may be helpful in explaining a particular dependent variable.

 

This chapter introduces you to some elementary ways of evaluating the impact of two or more independent variables on a dependent variable. You will want to examine concrete examples of multivariate analyses because these concepts are more easily demonstrated than explained. In particular, when discussing elaboration techniques, you might first try analyzing actual data yourself or find examples from published research. It is not easy to illustrate all the types of elaboration (antecedent, intervening, spurious, specification, and suppressor relationships) with real data, so creating your own fictitious tables may be required. You may want to discuss these principles with your advisor.

 

Two-way ANOVA is mentioned but not discussed in detail. Most of the remaining chapter focuses on linear regression analysis which is used quite frequently. Examples in academic journals are numerous, and it helps to distribute these when discussing regression.

 

If you have complicated statistical procedures needed for your project, you may want to ask a statistician to help you.

 

Chapter Ten

PRESENTING RESULTS, MAKING CONCLUSIONS, AND WRITING
REPORTS

Quoted directly or closely adapted from

Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods. (2nd ed.) Boston: Pearson. For use by students who have enrolled in the course and purchased this textbook. This information is protected by the publisher's copyright and is for use only in this course.

Learning Goals

In this final chapter, learning to write a report of the research project is emphasized, along with the key elements that go into a presentation of your study. Understanding the different audiences reading a report guides the preparation of the findings. By the end of the chapter, you should know the different styles for presenting your research and be able to put together a clear, concise report targeted to the relevant audience.

 

Talk to your advisor about expectations for your project report. Students often wonder by this point what is expected of them to report. Many of their attempts to generate a decent sample may have failed. Questions they felt were clear now appear to have been vague and misunderstood. And their data analyses could turn up no significant findings, often due to small sample sizes. So what do they have to say in their write ups of their study?

 

Learning to present findings is a very useful skill, including oral presentations. Your advisor or the department may require you to present your project to other students and faculty. Examining examples of journal articles, executive summaries, and other kinds of reports is also a good way of illustrating the various styles of report writing.

 

Rather than writing up one final project, your advisor may required that you submit sections of the report throughout the term. For example, a literature review could be due a early in the course, then a set of hypotheses or research questions can be submitted, followed by a description of the sampling and a final version of the questionnaire. Finally, data analyses are completed and a final interpretation and conclusion are written. In this way, feedback could occur throughout the term, not just at the end of the course. Remember that an 8-week course moves quickly.

 

When preparing your project report, remember there is a difference between (a.) speculating about the reasons for the outcomes and (b.) speculating about findings and interpreting with available data. Too often, students imply they have data to support an explanation of the results when in fact they do not. The project is a learning process, so be careful about making inferences beyond what your data says.

 

eBay BUSINESS STARTUP

eBay Business
Startup

Always thought about starting your own photography business on eBay? Wondered if you could supplement your income with an eBay business?

Start an eBay business by applying principles of communication and leadership. Come up with an idea for what will start as a part-time business, then actually begin the business. Follow the step-by-step process from coming up with the idea through legal incorporation.

 

eBay Business Startup.

Suggested text. Obtain week one. Read and apply the steps by the end of the week 4.

  • McGrath, S. (2006). eBay profits. New York: Sterling. IBSN-13: 978-1-4027-3181-

 

Timeline.

 

Week 1. Obtain the book and begin reading. Obtain approval from second faculty member for this project.

 

Week 2. Getting ready to sell.

In the first week you will concentrate on setting up your business correctly, learning the keys to operate on eBay, researching and settling on the products she will sell, and learning how and where to find sources for those products.

 

Week 3. Putting your auctions to work.

Almost anyone can use the eBay interface to launch an auction, but the devil is in the details. Learning how to make your auctions stand out from the millions of others, how to maximize your bids in final values, how to promote your auctions, and how to build a strong feedback profile are the keys to long-term success.

 

Week 4. Building and growing your business.

There is no trick to selling on eBay, but only a professional can make money doing it to week after week. You will learn how to control your costs, save time with automation, tried to repeat business to your auctions, and open an eBay store, as well as steps you can take to expand your business behind eBay to the rest of the web.

 

Week 5. Continue your business work. Print copies of your online pages and add them to your type business plan.

 

Week 6. Submit project to advisor and second faculty member on Monday. Continue business.

 

Week 7. Continue your business work. Add additional information and revise your project.

 

Week 8. Submit final project to faculty on Monday.

Buy the book. This summary/lecture is provided to help students focus on essential content. The information is quoted directly or closely adapted from McGrath (2006) and is for use only by students enrolled in this course who have purchased the book. The content is protected by the publisher's copyright.

 

Introduction.

 

eBay is the world's greatest marketplace, electronic or otherwise. More than 18 million people in the United States alone have bought or sold items on eBay, and worldwide use each has surpassed 180 million people in 27 markets. Over one million people list an item for sale on eBay every day, 600,000 of these are professional, full-time sellers.

 

in 2006, eBay estimates gross merchandise sales could top $48 billion. Yet eBay in itself sells nothing but access to its platform.

 

When you launch an eBay business, you are opening a store in a city of 180 million people. Except you have no rant, no employees, and costly advertising, and very little overhead.

 

It is somewhat complicated selling on eBay, but not overly so. Over 10 million people have sold items on eBay. This book is designed to take you through the process, step-by-step in a logical manner, so you understand and master each step. We are talking about achieving success on eBay, not just making a pew quick sale.

 

Setting up and organizing your business, be searching and finding the right products, and putting in place the automated systems and services to save you time will take the average person about three weeks.

 

How you define success on eBay depends on your personal goals and how he fits into your life. It is just a matter of time, work, and learning the ropes.

 

McGrath, frequently seize items being auctioned on eBay by veteran sellers who are still making rookie mistakes. Clearly, they did not set up their business for success right from the start.

 

Take the time to set up and organize your business correctly before you start launching your first auctions. Do the research and select the products you will sell. Then bright your goals and write your success plan.

 

See www.skipmcgrath.com/3_weeks for the various websites and products discussed in the book. Below are links from McGrath's webpage.

Profit Calc

The eBay Seller's News.

Bonding, Fraud Insurance & Customer Confidence

buySAFE.

SquareTrade

Contacting eBay

eBay 800-322-9266.

PayPal, 888-215-5506 or 888-221-1161

Some FREE Bonuses for my readers

You can click here

91 Common Everyday Items that Bring Huge Profits on eBay!

Automation

Endicia.

Vendio.

Promoting Your Auctions

 Sellers Voice You can get a 3-week trial for just $1 by clicking here.

eBay Links

eBay Fee Schedule

eBay Store Fees

End My Listing Early

Cancel Bids on an item

Block Bidder List

Community Discussion Boards

eBay Radio

eBay Rules and Policies

eBay Announcement Board

eBay Help, Rules & Policies

Anthony McMurray at Pro-Impulse Design.

Taking Great Photos

 EZauctionTools.com

 Discount Shipping Insurance (DSI).

Research Tools

Terapeak

Hammertap Deep Analysis

Hammertap3

Hammertap

The Silent Sales Machine Selling on eBay

Turning Auction Traffic into Cash.

The Complete eBay Marketing System.

The Wholesale Buying System.

Drop Shipping
WorldWide Brands. OneSource Drop Ship click here.

Internet Marketing Center

Firepit-Grills.com.

PowerSellerBuilder.

AdSense Videos.

eBay Coaching

Bright Builders 1-888-782-2368.

Another great eBay Guru

Tim Knox. .

Selling Information Products on eBay

How To Create & Sell Information Products on eBay.

 Ten Little Known, Highly Profitable eBay Niche Markets Anyone Can Do.

 

WEEK ONE AND TWO

 

Chapter 1 checklist.

  1. Register your eBay account in sign-up for a PayPal at business account. You will need your checking and tax ID numbers. It will take in a few days for PayPal to make deposits into your account.

  2. if you have not ever purchased anything on eBay, gain some experience by bidding on in winning EQ items so you can learn about and get a good grasp of the process.

  3. As you are bidding and buying, be sure to look at each sellers feedback rating. When you win an auction, make sure the seller posts feedback for you. E-mail the seller a polite request if she forgets to do this.

  4. Set up your About Me page.

  5. Explore their resources on your My eBay Page.

  6. apply for a sales tax number for your state.

  7. Open a commercial checking account and sign up for a business debit card.

Chapter 2 checklist.

  1. Familiarize yourself with the eBay site map, especially the links under selling activities and selling resources.

  2. Bookmark important pages in a special eBay pages folder, so that you can readily access important tools without searching through the site map.

  3. Visit Seller Central and familiarize yourself with the resources and tools available to eBay sellers.

  4. Installed the eBay toolbar on your desktop.

Chapter 3 checklist.

  1. In your notebook, make a list of your hobbies and interests.

  2. Next, brainstorm all possible products that fall into those categories. Don't rule anything else at this point.

  3. After reading the next chapter on product research, search on eBay to determine if there is a market for these products.

Chapter 4 checklist.

  1. Go to the suggested websites and read the features and benefits of each service. Determine if you would like to sign up for one of the services, and go through the necessary registration process.

  2. Review your list of potential products to sell from Chapter 3. For each product team are considering, use the eBay advanced search tool, as well as Andale or Terapeak, if you have signed up for either, to determine:

  • Marketability.

  • Average selling price.

  • Effective promotional features.

  • The best days and times to visit the product for sale.

 4. Be sure to keep detailed notes on your research, so that you can use this information when you begin listing items for sale.

 5. Based on your research, began eliminating products from your list that did not appear to have the market, or whose average selling prices are lower than you are looking to charge per item.

 

Chapter 5 checklist.

 

For each item on your narrowed it down to a wish list of products, ask yourself the following questions:

is there a sufficient market for this product?

  1. How much competition is there for this project?

  2. What is the projected profit margin for this part?

  3. Is there a continuing, reliable source of supply?

  4. Does the product lend itself to up selling?

  5. Can this product be packaged and shipped easily?

  6. Does the product have a long-term market?

Based on the answers to these questions eliminate any products from your list that do not appear viable this you should now have a final list of excuses like to sell on eBay.

 

Chapter 6, checklist.

  1. Once you select a product or private category that interests you, visit the various search engines mentioned in this chapter and run a product searches to locate suppliers.

  2. Make a list of potential suppliers and begin contacting them to see if they work with small accounts. If so, ask about pricing and minimum order requirements.

  3. If you live in a city with the merchandise Mart or design Center, visit it and register for admission.

  4. Called the convention Bureau in your city or the nearest largest city and find out if and when any wholesale trade shows are coming to your town. Register to attend.

 

Chapter 7 checklist.

if you are interested in drop shipping, sign up with PDO, E. A. for a one week free trial offered to readers of this book. www.skipmcgrath.com/3_weeks find products that interest you and then see what they are selling for an eBay, using the completed listings only section option.

use the Thomas register to find manufacturers of products that interest you. Contact the manufacturer's and asked if they will drop ship for you.

As you explore, wholesale marketer and other potential drop shippers, maintain a list of products that offer that you believe you can sell for profit. Once you are ready to begin selling, come back to this list and try listing a few of these items.

When she began working with drop shippers, even at a week each one in terms of competitive pricing, reliability of delivery, customer satisfaction, and ease of dealing with returns and other customer service issues.

 

Chapter 8 checklist.

  1. Spend some time on eBay looking at the various types of auctions. Analyze which types of auctions seem to be most popular, or successful, for different products.

  2. Think about the products you plan to sell, and which type of listing is great for each one. In your notebook, and note which formats your competitors use, and which appeared to have been successful.

  3. If you plan on selling multiple, identical items, study various multiple item listings until you become comfortable with the Dutch auctions, fixed price listings, and a lot listings. Make a list of what worked and what field for other sellers.

Chapter 9 checklist.

  1. Locate the few items from your attic or garage that you can use for your first listings. Make sure to clean them so that they are in good shape for selling.

  2. Take some digital photographs of your items. See Chapter 15, if you need advice on how to do this effectively.

  3. Determine and price point for your merchandise. Do some research on eBay to determine the average selling price for your products.

  4. I love the steps outlined in this chapter to launch her first auctions. Take note of any questions that arise regarding headlines, descriptions, pricing, and so forth. We will cover these topics in greater detail later on in the book.

 

Chapter 10 checklist.

 

  1. Go to this website http://pages.ebay.com/help/sell/fees.html and become a familiar with the complete eBay fee schedule. Bookmark this link and be sure to check it before listing an item or consult appendix E. at the end of this book. This will help you understand your potential costs when deciding on your pricing strategy.

  2. To a completed items search for the product you plan to sell. Select the price: highest first as the default to display the search results. Look at the items that sold for the most money, and open the auctions to see on what days and which times they ended it.

Chapter 11 checklist.

  1. Go to the eBay site map and click on the links under the heading feedback.

  2. Bookmark the links you will use most often, such as.
    Follow-up to feedback you left for others.
    Leave feedback for a member.
    The feedback for a transaction.

  3. For the auction, she launched in Chapter 9, sand waiting in winning bidders confirmation e-mails and encourage them to the seat back. Make sure you leave positive feedback for them as well.

  4. Sell a series of inexpensive items for the purpose of quickly building your feedback rating. Include a personal note in each package, thinking the customer for his order and stating that you haven't left positive feedback for the transaction.

  5. Consider sending a follow-up e-mail to the buyers who have not left feedback. Always include the leave feedback link in your e-mails to buyers.

  6. Visit the Square trade website www.squaretrade.com , and consider applying for squared trades selling program, so that you have recourse should someone be few negative feedback.

  7. Set up a folder in your e-mail program for pre-written messages. Create template messages for answering common questions received.

Chapter 12 checklist.

 

PROJECT JOURNAL. In your eBay binder, right down short and long term goals for your business. Determine how much money you are looking to make and how much time you can realistically devote to achieving your goals on eBay.

  • Review your research and estimate the average selling price of your products. Using the formula discussed in this chapter, calculate how many auctions a week you would need to launch to create your monthly goals.

  • If the number of options you need to launch to reach your goal will take more time than you can realistically devote to your business, reassess your product selection. Two additional research, if necessary, to come up with alternative products to sell.

  • Either with your partner are alone, turn your goals into a formal business plan. Keep updating your plan as your business develops.

WEEK TWO.

 

Chapter 13 checklist.

  1. Take some time to go through any categories relating to the products you plan to sell. Explore the various subcategory listings, including the number of auctions in each one.

  2. If you are going to sell books, music, or movies, go to the eBay help tab at the top of any eBay page and type in pre-filled information. This will bring up a link to an excellent tutorial on how to use this feature.

Chapter 14, checklist.

  1. Sit down with a notebook and a pen, and write out as many keywords as you can think of for your product.

  2. Now do a search on eBay for those words. Right down the headlines that its yield to you. Open those auctions and look at the corresponding hit counters. Determine which headlines appear to get the most hits.

  3. Using the above information as a guide, he can create in your own attention grabbing headlines.

  4. PROJECT JOURNAL. In your binder, list every benefit of your product. Now write a sentence about each benefit and how it relates to a buyer. Remember to romance your item a little, however, do not go overboard. You will include this information in your project submission.

  5. Once you have done this, list the item for sale. In the description field, first include all the facts about the product that you are selling. Fill in the rest of the description with the benefit statements you created.

Chapter 15 checklist.

  1. After selecting the camera you are going to use for your auto auction a foot photography, spend some time familiarizing yourself with the instruction manual. Pay special attention to this size settings, white balance, macro or close-up feature, manual focus, and aperture setting priority.

  2. Once you understand how all the features work, take some practice shots. Upload them to your computer and use whatever imaging software you have a two crop, rotate, and resize the photographs.

  3. Compare the costs and benefits of importing your photographs into your auction using:

  4. eBay's picture surface, basic or enhanced, to individually upload images.

  5. EBay's subscription hosting program.

  6. A third-party auction management service.

Chapter 16 checklist.

  1. Visit the eBay fees page http://pages.ebay.com/help/sell/fees.html . Expand the listing to show all the fees and print out a copy to keep by your computer. Include this in your project. You can also review appendix B. in this book. Having this information at the ready when you are deciding on which promotional items to use will save you time and help you make better decisions.

  2. PROJECT JOURNAL. Create a spreadsheet for market testing. After every auction, record the options used, the number of hits and bids the auction received, and the final outcome, no sale or the final value. Use this information to assess the performance of your auctions with and without fear he is upgrade combinations. Be sure to include this information in your project submission.

Chapter 17 checklist.

  1. Set us shipping station with tape, and tape gun, scale, and any additional supply she will need.

  2. If you decide to use priority Mail, go online and order your supplies.

  3. Visit the websites for USPS, UPS, and FedEx ground and compare their grades for the size and weight product you are shipping.

  4. If you decide to use a private courier service, visit the services website or call customer service and open an account. If you will be shipping large quantities of packages each month, consider calling the company to get a customized quote.

Chapter 18 checklist.

McGrath would not suggest that you start shipping overseas into you have mastered domestic selling and shipping. But, once you have successfully launched enough options that you know all the ins and outs of eBay selling, you should evaluate whether there is an international market for your product. You can do this in two ways:

  1. Search completed auctions on eBay. Look for successful auctions away the items sold at very high prices. Often these winning bidders are international buyers. Use this information to determine if there is an international market for your item. Also, evaluate the shipping policies specified by the sellers.

  2. Go into overseas eBay sites, such as eBay.co.uk or eBay.com.au. Unless you speak German, French, or Chinese,  your will want to limit yourself to the English-speaking sites. Search completed items for the product you are selling and see if there is a market for it in these countries.

Chapter 19 checklist.

  1. Familiarize yourself with the layout on your My eBay Page, and all the links and tools available to you there.

  2. Click on the sales reports link through to my subscriptions link on your My eBay Page to read and understand what kind of information this tool provides. When she starts selling on a regular basis, McGrath recommends that you subscribe to the service.

Chapter 20 checklist.

  1. If you have not yet signed up for PayPal, open an account and follow the steps to verify your account.

  2. Visit the seller protection page on eBay via this site map or by clicking on help at the top of any eBay page and type seller protection into the search box. Familiarize yourself with the eBay and PayPal protection plans for both buyers and sellers.

  3. Type the phrase online security into the eBay help search box. This will bring up a series of links related to fraud protection on eBay.

WEEK THREE

 

Chapter 21 checklist.

  1. Set up a simple spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel and other sure expenses. Be sure to include things such as your ISP and cable or DSL fees, and as well as charges for telephone, postage, and office supplies. Take a step back and analyze your costs. Which line items are costing you the most each month? What can you do to reduce your monthly expenses? Remember to include all of this type of data in your project's mission.

  2. In Chapter 10 you bookmarked the eBay fee schedule. If you have not yet, go to this page and print out the full schedule or go to a appendix E. to see the fee schedule as of this printing. You will want the most up-to-date information. Study the fee schedule until you are thoroughly familiar with how eBay charges fees. You do not have to memorize the piece, especially those for optional features, but you should have a good feel for what they are and when to use them.

  3. Now calculate the eBay fees for several items listed and sold at different prices. For example, calculate the fees for an item that listed at $9.99 and sold for $20. Now do the same thing for an item that started in at $49.99 and sold for $75.

  4. Using this information study the auction should have launched this far and evaluate your pricing. Have you been paying higher fees than necessary? What sort of ROI, have you been realizing for op channel listing features you have used? PROJECT JOURNAL. List steps you can take to lower your eBay fees, and light them in the binder next to your computer. Of course, you may be writing all of this information in a computer file. Whatever format you use, you will need to include all of this information and similar types of information you write about your business, in your project submission to the faculty.

PROJECT JOURNAL.

  1. Set up a spreadsheet to list and control your inventory. He sure to track the day to acquire your inventory, so you can assess how long it takes you to move the inventory out.

  2. In this spreadsheet, track your average selling price, ASP, per item, so that you can identify your most and least profitable products. Use this information in determining which products and how many digits at each to reorder.

  3. Determine and implement strategies for dealing with nonperforming inventory. Consider listing items in a wholesale lots category or lowering your praise to clear out slow-moving items. Remember to include all of this information in your project submission.

Chapter 23 checklist.

  1. Visit eBay's selling resources page and read the information about the eBay taste automation solutions turbo lister, and selling manager.

  2. Visit webpages and other sites listed in this chapter and take a tour of each one.

  3. And once you have selected an automation solution to try, either purchase a subscription or sign up for a free trial period began setting up your inventory and learning the system.

Chapter 24 checklist.

  1. As soon as you qualify, sign-up for the Square trade in program.

  2. Visit the other resources mentioned in this chapter.

  3. Begin running online in newspaper classified ads for your auctions. Track the increase in sales to determine your ROI.

Chapter 25 checklist.

  1. Evaluate the products you currently sell. See if you can come up with combinations that would lend themselves to up selling. In addition, write up a list of products, you could buy or create for the purpose of cross selling. When should have identified these items and determined their pricing, start featuring them in your e-mails to customers at the end of your auctions.

  2. Learn about eBay's e-mail marketing program. To find out more information about the program, click on the help tab at the top of any eBay page and type e-mail marketing into the search box.

  3. Visit www.topica.com and read about topic has programs for newsletter publishers. Consider how to create newsletters that would appeal to bidders and buyers in the of Europe specific products.

  4. Setup a system to capture and record e-mail addresses from your successful bidders.

Chapter 26 checklist.

  1. Visit the eBay stores link from the eBay home page. Click on several of the store listings and become familiar with how stores are listed in how other sellers promote their stores.

  2. From your my eBay page, click on the manage my store link and sign up for the basic store subscription.

  3. Please some merchandise in your store, and start linking from your auctions to your store. Consider ways to entice bidders to your store, such as offering free shipping or give away.

Chapter 27 checklist.

  1. If you would like to try consignment selling, visit the eBay trading assistant page on the site map, by clicking on the trading assistant program, underselling resources, and read to require immense to see if you qualify.

  2. Create some small classified ads and 3 x 5 cards advertising your services as a consignment seller, and start placing the ads in local papers and the cards on community bulletin boards and supermarkets, laundromats, and the like.

  3. Once you have some experience as a consignment seller, if you decide to pursue this business more aggressively, visit McGrath's web site, where you'll find his book on this subject, how to start and run and eBay consignment business.

WEEK 5

Run your business and put together all the materials to document your project for the faculty.

 

WEEK 6

Submit your project to the faculty. Continue running your business and documenting your work.

 

WEEK 7

Continue running your business and documenting your work. Add documentation and revise your project submission.

WEEK 8

Submit your final project to the faculty.

 

ONLINE PR & THOUGHT LEADERSHIP

Online
Thought
Leadership

 

Do you want to develop a presence on the web? Influence a political campaign? Influence public opinion? Share your knowledge?

Online Thought Leadership

  • The New Rules of Marketing and PR: How to Use News Releases, Blogs, Podcasting, Viral Marketing and Online Media to Reach Buyers Directly by David Meerman Scott
    ISBN-10: 0470113456
    ISBN-13: 978-0470113455

According to Scott (2007), online thought leadership is a way of shaping information and opinion on the Internet. First, select a topic related to organizational communication and leadership. Then, decide formats for shaping opinion and information. 

 

Online Networking: Bebo - Digg - eHarmony - Facebook - Match.com - Meez - MySpace - Secondlife - Squidoo - USENET

Online Money-Making Opportunities: AllPosters - Amazon Associates - Blingo - eBay - DoubleClickPerformics Affiliates - Drop Ship - Linkshare Affiliates - Surveys

Services: Delicious - StumbleUpon - Google API Number - Google Maps Feature - Ping - Sitemap - Online Business Networking - Internet Marketing - PayPal

 

Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR. This material is designed to provide summaries and guidance about key principles in the book. This information is designed for use only by enrolled students who have purchased the book. All materials is protected by the publisher's original copyright.

Chapter 1:

 

Chapter 1. The old rules of marketing and PR are ineffective in an online world.

 

Media makes targeting specific publics with individualized messages very difficult. Advertising also works in many trade publications. Advertising agency, creative people sit in hip offices dressing up ways to interrupt people so that they pay attention to a one-way message. Web marketing is about delivering useful content and just the precise moment that a buyer needs it. PR professionals occupied their time by writing press releases targeted exclusively three quarters and editors and by schmoozing with those same reporters and editors.

 

In the old days, a press release was actually a release to the press so these documents involved it as an esoteric and stylized way for companies to issue news to reporters and editors.

 

The old rules of PR.

1. The only way to get ink was through the media.

2. Companies communicated to journalists via press releases.

3. Nobody saw the actual press release except a handful of reporters and editors. For companies had to have significant news before they were allowed to write a press release.

4. Jargon was okay because the journalists all understood it.

5. You weren't supposed to send a press release unless it included quotes from third parties such as customers analysts and experts.

6. The only way publics would learn about the press releases content was if the media wrote a story about it.

7 The only way to measure the effectiveness of press releases was clip looks, which he noted each time the media decided to pick up a company's release.

8. PR and marketing were separate disciplines run by different people with separate goals, strategies, and measurement techniques.

Today, you need to do PR work yourself, and the Web is a terrific place to do so.

 

Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

Chapter 2:

 

Chapter 2. The new rules of marketing and PR.

 

According to for on PR professional. "Our goal is education." He writes all of content for several sites himself, and the design work has been done by a moonlighting chiropractor. There's a content management tool built-in, so he can update the site himself. You wouldn't call it a fancy site, but it works. Cervelo is growing very rapidly, but he is quick to note that growth is not the result of any one thing. This site is designed to work for a major and often ignored audience: People who do their own research and consider a decision over a period of time before making a commitment. The most effective web strategies anticipate needs and provide content to meet them, even before people know to ask.

 

PR on the Web is not about generic banner ads designed to trick people with neon color or wacky movement. It is about understanding the key words and phrases that our publics are using and then deploying micro-campaigns to drive publics to page is replete with the content that they seek.

Online content in all of its forms is causing a convergence of marketing and PR that does not really exist off-line. In the Internet. In an interconnected web world, content drives action. Create content means that interested people return again and again.

 

We know how many visitors to reach us via the news releases, and it is similar to paid search engine marketing. But at a lower cost.

Peterson understands the power of content marketing, search engine optimization, and are backed to consumer news releases to reach publics directly and tried business. Every business has information that can contribute to the education of the market place. You have to have a bit longer for you and have a sense of how your business will be better down the line.

 

The long tail of PR. Long tail means a business with large distribution ability.

NPR, it's not about clip books. It's about reaching our publics.

Instead of spending lots of money to target a handful of reporters, we shouldn't be targeting the plug-in bloggers, online news sites, micro-publications, public speakers, analysts, and consultants that reach to targeted audiences that are looking for what we have to offer. With the blogs, we communicate directly with our audience, bypassing the media filter completely. Long tail marketing is a technique to increase sales, while decreasing the cost per sale by developing and selling it to thousands of niche market's.

Wouldn't it be better to get dozens of the most influential bloggers and analysts to tell our story directly to the niche markets that are looking for what we have to offer?

 

Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

Chapter 3: Reading Your Buyers Directly

 

Chapter 3. Reaching our buyers directly.

 

Mainstream media is still important.

Consider the case study on page 27. Case Study on page 27-30 Bryan and Jeffery Eisenberg. They sent advance-reading copies of the book to hundreds of influential bloggers. Then made multiple targeted news releases. "Our PR strategy is intended to circulate the ideas that are in the book, not simply to sell books. One news release via Web each and every business day for months. Check out http://www.prweb.com/ -

ROI is return on investment. Buzz doesn't have a measurable ROI.

What links all of these techniques together is that organizations of all types behave like publishers. Organizations gain credibility and loyalty with buyers through content.

Micro targets are also known as buyer persona. Instead of deploying huge budgets for dumbed down TV commercials that purport to speak to the masses and therefore appeal to nobody, we need to think about the message is that our niche audiences wait to hear. The online story is about your product.

Smart PR people understand their targets, "publics," or buyers. We break the buyers into distinct groups, and catalog everything we know about each one. Consider the case study about the college site. A well executed comic site might target the five distinct personas. What visitors really want is content that first describes the issues and problems they face and then provides details on how to solve those problems. Once you've built an online relationship, you can begin to offer potential solutions that have been defined for each market. Well organized web content will beat your visitors through the sales cycle all the way to the point when they are ready to make a purchase or other commitment to your organization.

We need targeted content. Another suggestion is to offer free articles and tips.

I am diligent about links from every page both to something free and to the product page. When people register on the site for a free offer, they are added to a 40,000 person e-mail list to get alerts on significant new content added to this site and blog, as well a special offers.

LEADERSHIP: Think like a publisher.

The new publishing model on the web is not about hype and spin and messages. It is about the differing content when and where it is needed and, in the process, branding you or your organization as a leader.

Provide information and manage content as a valuable asset with the same care that a publishing company does. Starts with a content strategy, and then the focus on the mechanics and a sign of delivering the content. Publishers carefully identify and define target audiences and consider what content is required in order to meet their needs.

Tell your organization's story directly.

Work to establish yourself as a good guys in the industry. Establish yourself so you are seen as the leaders.

Note the polls and let content drives action.

What is the goal?

 

At successful organizations, news releases, the blogs, websites, podcasts, and other content draw visitors into this sales consideration cycle, then funnel them toward the place where action occurs. The goal is not hidden, and it is easy for publics to find a way to take the next step. Ultimately, when marketers focus on the same goals as the rest of the organization, we develop a PR programs that really deliver action and began to contribute to the bottom line.

We are seen as part of a strategic unit that contributes to reaching the organization's goals.

Content and thought leadership.

For many companies and individuals, reaching customers with web content has a powerful, less obvious effect. Content brands are an organization as a thought leader. Instead it just directly selling something, a great site, log, or podcast series tells the world that you are smart, that you understand the market very well, and that you would be a person or organization that would be valuable to do business with. Web content sells any product or service and advocates any philosophy or image.

 

Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

Chapter 4:

 

Chapter 4. Blogs

 

My blog is the most important marketing and PR tool I have as a marketing and PR speaker, writer, and consultant. My blog allows me to push ideas into the marketplace as I think of them, generating instant feedback. Some posts have had truly phenomenal results, quite literally changing my business in the process.

Thanks to the power of search engines, my blog is also the most vital and effective way for people to find me. Every word of every post is indexed by Google, Yahoo, and the other search engines, so when people look for information on the topics I write about, they frighten me.

The bad news is that this information about blogs is difficult to quantify with any degree of certainty.

 

Blogs, blogging, and bloggers.

An easy and efficient way to get personal or organizational viewpoints out into the market is the weblog or blog.

In many PR people are monitoring what's being said about their company, products, and executives on this new medium of the blog.

With a blog, there is never been an easier way to find out what the marketplace is thinking about you, your company, and your products!

A blog is just a web sight. But it is a special kind of site that is created and maintained by a person who is passionate about the subject. The blogger wants to tell the world about his or her area of expertise. A blog is almost always written by one person who has a fire in the belly and wants to communicate with the world. There are also group blogs written by several people and even corporate blogs. Blogs produced by a department or entire company without individual personalities at all, but these are less common. The most popular form by far is the individual blog.

A blog is written using software that puts the most recent update, or post, at the top of the site, in reverse chronological order.

 

I often suggest that small companies and individual entrepreneurs create a blog rather than a standard website because a blog is easier to create for someone who lacks technical skills.

 

Many blogs allow readers to leave comments. But bloggers often reserve the right to remove inappropriate comments. Most bloggers tolerate negative comments on their blogs and don't remove them. I actually like some controversy on my blog because it can spark debate.

Understanding blogs in the world of the Web.

 

Blogs are independent, Web based journals containing opinions about anything and everything. However, blogs are often misunderstood by people who do not read them. Blogging provides experts and people who want to be experts with an easy way to make their voices heard on the Web at-based marketplace of ideas.

Organizations that don't have their own authentic and human blog voices are increasingly seen as suspect.

 

Bloggers never claim to be real journalists. The metaphor of the Web as a newspaper is it accurate on many levels. It is better to think of the Web as a huge city teeming with individuals, and blogs as the sounds of independent voices, just like those of the street corner. Soap box preacher or that friend of yours who always recommends the best books.

Case Study: Page 48 there is an interesting case study about rather and CBS news. Ignoring bloggers cost Dan rather his job. There is still a great deal of similarly dismissive behavior going on inside the media companies and corporate PR department.

Craig's list is like the bulletin board at the entrance of the corner store; eBay, acre price sale; Amazon, a bookstore replete with patrons anxious to give you their book tips.

Consider the source don't trust strangers, and find out if the information comes from the government, a newspaper, a big corporation, or someone with an agenda. Take blogs with a grain of salt, but ignore them at your peril.

 

The three uses of blogs for PR.

1. To easily monitor what millions of people are saying about you, the market to sell into, your organization, and its products.

2. To participate in those conversations by commenting on other people's boss.

3. To begin into shape those conversations, by creating and writing your own blog.

 

There are good reasons for jumping into the blog world.

 

By monitoring what people are saying about the marketplace you sell your company and products, you get a sense of the important bloggers, their online voices, and blog etiquette.

 

If you have monitored blogs and know what they are, you will know what a dozen influential bloggers writing about your space. Those blogs have thousands of loyal readers. You can show this information to a PR person and show the importance of simply monitoring blogs.

 

Monitor blogs: Your organization's reputation depends on it.

 

Organizations use blogs to measure what's concerning their stakeholders and to understand corporate reputation. Know what bloggers say comparing your products or services to your competitors. Become an expert in what is being said about your organization on blogs.

 

Case study page 55. The Draft Mark Warner example clearly shows that making a concerted effort to leave comments on other people's blogs works. Although the example is from politics, a similar strategy to comment on and therefore influence the thinking of bloggers should work for most any organization. But it takes an understanding of blogs and blogging etiquette to pull it off without sounding like a corporate shill.

 

Do you allow employers to send e-mail? How about letting them blog?

You need to decide what to blog about and how to find your voice. The legal eagles are worried about secrets, she revealed by their employees well creating content or commenting on blogs. Some organizations take a creative approach to blogging it by saying that all blogs are personal and the opinions expressed are of the blogger, not the organization that seems like a good attitude. Freely published blogs are an important part of business and should be encouraged by foreword thinking organizations.

 

Case study on page 57, McDonald's. McDonald's has jumped into blogging by launching open for discussion, a blog that focuses on social responsibility at the company.

 

The power of blogs: It is remarkable what a smart individual with passion can do with a blog.

 

You are what you publish. It is better to have a reputation than no reputation.

 

Publishers and Goldstein uses the blog to tell his constituents things really quickly and informally. It's fascinating that there are so few bloggers in the publishing industry, perhaps because publishers are cautious about giving content away for free, or maybe because large publishers feel threatened by blogs.

 

There is no doubt that every organization should be monitoring blogs to find out what people are saying about them. I find it fascinating that most of the time when I mention a company or product on my blog, I do not get any sort of response from that organization. However, about 20% of the time, I will get a comment on my blog from someone at that company or a personal e-mail. These are the 20% of companies monitor the blogs, and we to what is being said.

 

Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

Chapter 17:

 

Chapter 17. Blogging to reach your buyers.

 

Audiences consume advertising with skepticism and consider pronouncements by CEOs to be out of touch with reality.

most first time bloggers try to cover too much.

 

You need to be very targeted.

 

Some organizations have created formal guidelines for employee loggers.

 

Here are issues you need to pay attention to.

  • Transparency.

  • Privacy.

  • Disclosure.

  • Truthfulness.

  • Credit.

What you need to get started.

  • Think carefully about the name of your blog and its tagline, which will be indexed by search engines.

  • Easy to use blogging software is available from blogger, type pad, word press, and others.

  • You will need to be choose by URL for your blog.

  • Logging software makes it easy to choose color, design, and font, and to create a simple text based mast head.

  • As you begin your blog, consider your art and design, and tentatively try a few posts.

  • The look and feel of the blog could be complementary to your corporate design guidelines.

Blogging software usually allows you to turn on comments feature. So your visitors can respond to your posts.

Most blogs also have a feature to allow trackbacks, which our message is that another blogger sense to you when she has posted something on her blog that references the post you wrote first.

 

Pay close attention to the categories you choose for your blog, and add social media tags for services like Technorati, Digg, Delicious to each post.

RSS also called us really simple syndication is a standard delivery format many of your readers. Make certain that your new blog has RSS capability.

Banks in a include an about page that includes your photo, biography, affiliations, and information about your blog.

Encourage people to contact you, make it easy for them to reach you online and be sure to follow up personally on your fan mail.

 

Create an interesting looking blog.

Show the bloggers personality.

On the right and left columns of Scott's blog, he links to Amazon from the cover images of his books.

 

One of the downsides of a blog is that the reverse chronological aspect, most recent post at the top, means that much of your blog stuff, which may have been written last month or last year, is hidden away. Thus, Scott also includes easy navigation links on the blog so people can quickly find the good stuff.

 

It takes time to build an audience for your blog.

Logs that are regularly updated generate high search engine rankings, but the algorithms that are used by Google, Yahoo, Angie other search engines reward sites, and blogs, that update frequently. It is likely that you will get significant search engine traffic once you've been consistently blogging for a while.

 

Commenting on other people's blogs, and including a link to your blog, is a good way to build an audience. If you comment, and TrackBack Tzu, blogs in the same space is yours, and you might be surprised at how quickly you will get visitors to your new blog. A curious thing about blogging etiquette is that bloggers who are competitive for business off-line are usually very cooperative online, with links back and forth from their blogs. It is a bit like all the auto dealers in town congregating on the same street, proximity is good for everyone, so people work together.

 

Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

Chapter 5:

 

Chapter 5: Press releases.

 

Press releases have never been exclusively for the press.

Newswire outlets include Reuters and Dow Jones. Press releases have also been available to professionals working within corporations, government agencies, and law firms, all of which have had access to raw press releases through services like NewsEdge, Factiva, and LexisNexis.

 

According to the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), public relations is the professional discipline that ethically fosters mutually beneficial relationships among social entities. Public relations helps an organization and its publics adapt mutually to each other.

 

There is a widely held view about the purity of the press release as a tool for the press. PR professionals do not want to know that tens of millions people have the power to read releases directly. It is easier to imagine a close audience of eight dozen reporters.

Buyers to read your news releases to me, and you need to be speaking their language. When on the web.

 

Today, smart marketing and PR professionals use the news releases to reach publics directly.

The new rules of news releases:

  • Don't just send news releases when the big news is happening; find good reasons to send them all the time.

  • Instead of just targeting a handful of journalists, create news releases that appealed directly to your publics.

  • Right releases that are full, all of key word rich copy.

  • Include offers that compel consumers to respond to your release in some way.

  • Police links in releases to do that for potential customers to landing on pages on your website.

  • Optimize news release delivery for reaching and browsing.

  • Add social media tags for Technorati, DIGG, and del.icio.us so your release will be found.

  • Drive people into the sales process with news releases.

  • People are saying that press releases are dead. But that's not true for direct to consumers news releases. Scott learned the very structured AP style guide way, but in fact, it has changed as key words and phrases have suddenly become important. He and the scale and reach of the Internet has have opened up end users as a channel. Try to be very aware of key words and phrases and to insert key phrases, especially, into releases whenever possible.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 14:

     

    Chapter 14. Blogs.

     

    See information about what's under discussion on blogs: Technorati

    In the most markets, mainstream media and the trade press remain vital.

    Everything is content driven in public relations.

     

    Write about pretty much anything that your organization is doing in a press release:

    • Have a new take on an old problem? Write a release.

    • Surf a unique market place? Write a release.

    • Have interesting information to share? Write a release.

    • CEO speaking at a conference? Write a release.

    • Win an award? Write a release.

    • Add a product feature? Write a release.

    • When a new customer? Write a release.

    • Published a white paper? Write a release.

    Here are some of the larger US news release distribution services:

    • Business wire.

    • Market wire.

    • Prime newswire.

    • PR newswire.

    • PR Web.

    In order to get your news releases to appear on the online news services, including Google news, you just have to purchase a basic news release coverage area offered by a news release distribution service.

     

    Many news release distribution services also offer really simple syndication feeds of their news releases, which they make available to other sites, blogs, journalists, and individuals. Each time you publish a news release with the service, the news release is seen by thousands of people who have subscribed to the really simple syndication content feeds in your market category.

     

    Post your news releases to an appropriate sources and a findable section of your web site (media room). Consider sites like www.prweb.com - www.click2newsites.com/press.asp - http://www.ideasiteforbusiness.com/clickpressfree.cfm Many organizations have the media room or press section of their website, which is ideal you should he keep the news release live for as long as the content is appropriate, perhaps for years.

     

    Creating links from your news releases to content on your website is very important. These links, which might point to a specific offer or to a landing page with more information, allow your publics to move from the news release to specific content on your website that will then drive them into the sales process,.

     

    Each time your news release is posted on another site, such as an online news site, the inbound link from the online news site to your website helps to increase the search engine rankings of your site, because the search engines use inbound links as one of the important criteria for their page ranking algorithms.

     

    Understand the audience first and then set about to satisfy their informational needs. A great way to start thinking like a publisher and to create news releases that drive action is to focus on your customer's problems and then create and deliver news releases accordingly.

     

    Include appropriate social media.

    Many news release distribution services provide a way to include social media tags to make the news releases easy to find and services. Use them.

    Shift communications has a social media news release template. All news release content will ultimately wind up on the web. So why not put it out in such a way that makes it accessible to anybody who can use that comment? Both traditional and news media journalists are use to working in a hyperlinked environment and are used to people providing context to social bookmarking sites such as delicious and buttons to add to Digg.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 6:

     

    Chapter 6: Audio Content.

     

    Until recently, audio files were not used much because they were difficult to locate and impossible to browse on the web, and there was no easy way to get regular updates. The transformation from static audio downloads to radio station like podcasts, which are much more valuable to listeners and also more valuable as PR vehicles for organizations, because of two developments.

    1. The first development was the ability to add audio feeds and notification to RDF Site Summary AKA RSS. This enables listeners who subscribe to an audio feed to download new updates soon after they are released.

    2. The second major development was the ability of those podcasts feeds through iTunes. Now all iPod users can simply subscribe to a feed usually at no cost. Then every time they plug your iPod into their computer, the new shows from the feeds they subscribe to automatically download and are copied to the iPod.

     

    Music is a classic example of a long tail business. A long tail business is a business like Amazon.com with distribution ability to locate hard to find items.

    Now, anybody with some simple and easy to use equipment can set up a radio station and get instant global distribution via iTunes and other distribution services.

    • Podcasting has changed the face of music.

    • Podcasting has allowed people to hear the music of groups that are good, but perhaps do not have a big label behind them.

    • Podcasting has become a real part of the social networking process.

    • Podcasting is also an increasingly important part of the PR mix. For example, customers serviced apartments increasingly deliver how to podcast series to keep users on their products informed. Companies that market to people who are on the road often such as traveling salespeople and therefore have down time in their cars or on airplanes have had success reaching people with interesting podcasts.

    Digg, a technology news web site that combines social bookmarking, blogging, RSS, and nonhierarchical editorial control, uses a podcasts to deliver technology news, commentary, and information in its constituents. The Diggnation podcast, which generates more than 100,000 downloads per episode, is classic is thought leadership content.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 7:

     

    Chapter 7: Forums, Wikis, and Your Targeted Audience

     

    Chat rooms and message boards are places where people meet and discuss topics online. List serves are similar to a chat room, but with messages going out my e-mail to members who had registered.

    Wikis are a website that anybody can update.

    Wikis are websites that permit users to update, delete, or edit the content on this site. The most famous wiki is a Wikipedia.

    Blogs are an active community of people who provide comments to blog posts written by the blog author.

    Malware is a malicious software.

     

    It is critical to respond quickly to situations as they unfold on the web. Reacting quickly and honestly in the same forums where the discussions are taking place is essential.

     

    On the Web, customers, stakeholders, and the media can see what's on people's minds.

    Using this resource is simple: you have got to monitor what is being said. And when an organization is the subject of heated discussions, particularly negative ones, it just feels weird if a representative of that organization fails to jump in with a response.

     

    When you find an entry about your company or brand, you should check it for accuracy.

    To be successful at blogging, you need to have something to say. You need to have some communications skills to be successful. Over on the wiki size, you need to be an expert in something to get it populated to begin with, and then you need the resources to keep it up.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 8:

     

    Chapter 8. Going Viral: The Web Helps Audiences Catch the Fever

     

    For PR professionals, one of the coolest things about the Web is that when an idea takes off, it can propel a brand or company to fame and fortune for free. Whatever you call it, whether viral or buzz is having other people tell your story, which drives action.

     

    Alexa is a service that measures the reach and popularity of websites. Marketers use this website to figure out what sites are hot and use that information to make their own sites better.

     

    It is difficult to purposefully create viral marketing buzz, but it is certainly possible. Think about a virus. Viral marketing is similar. With a little effort. The information transfers from person to person, blog to blog, e-mail to e-mail. you can contact reporters, bloggers, and analysts, about the content you hope to advance.

     

    A typical venture capitalist has a formula that states that most ventures will fail, a few might do okay, and one out of 20 or so would take off and become a large enterprise that will pay back investors, many times the initial investment.

     

    Some news sites: NPR, MSNBC, Barron's, ZDNet, and Business Week Online, and TheStreet.com.

     

    Viral marketing--having others tell your story for you-- is one of the most exciting and powerful ways to reach audiences. It is not easy to harness the power, but with careful preparation and when you are sitting unused and with clever ideas for what has the potential to create interest, and he organization has the power to become famous on the Web.

     

    Design Principles

     

    Visual principles of good message design include the following:

    • balance

    • visual weight

    • horizontal and vertical lines

    • contrast

    • movement

    • harmony

    • unity

    • proportion

    chocolate truffles web design

     

    Photo source on webdesign.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 9:

     

    Chapter 9. The Content-Rich Web Site

     

    Design, color, navigation, and appropriate technology are all important aspects to a good website. Often the only person allowed to work on the website is your organization's webmaster. The best sites focus primarily on content to pull together their various publics, markets, media, and products in 1 Comprehensive Place where content is not only team, but the president and pope as well's.

    Widgets are small applications found on websites and blogs.

     

    The focus of successful websites is content. What really matters is content, how the content is organized, and how it drives action from publics.

     

    "We work with the businesses to showcase interesting things, and we try to have fresh content on this site and updated with new weekly stories."

     

    I realize that many important factors usually come together when creator of the site cares a great deal and wants her passion to shine through. I'm convinced that the key is to understand publics--or those who may donate, subscribe, joining, or vote--and build content especially for them.

     

    Online Networking: Bebo - Digg - eHarmony - Facebook - Match.com - Meez - MySpace - Secondlife - Squidoo

    Online Money-Making Opportunities: AllPosters - Amazon Associates - Blingo - eBay - Surveys

    Services: Delicious - StumbleUpon - Google API Number - Google Maps Feature - Ping - Sitemap - Online Business Networking - Internet Marketing

     

    Online Thought Leadership Home (Scott) http://www.davidmeermanscott.com/

    SQUIDOO (Social networking. 141,033 members. Everyone is an expert about something.) http://www.squidoo.com/

     

    GOOGLE ADDITIONS

    Add your site to Google: http://www.google.com/addurl/
    Google business solutions: http://bizsolutions.google.com/services/
    Email alerts to add content and links to your blog: http://www.google.com/alerts?hl=en
    Create a blog: http://www.blogger.com/

    AMAZON.COM ADDITIONS

    Add a custom search to your website: http://www.google.com/coop/cse/
    To get started quickly, visit Associates Central at http://affiliate-program.amazon.com . You will find a number of useful tools there including: Product Links ( http://affiliate-program.amazon.com/gp/associates/network/build-links/individual/main.html )- Link directly to a specific product on Amazon using the product image or text.
    Widgets ( http://widgets.amazon.com ) - Build a Slideshow, My Favorites, or Wishlist widget to showcase your favorite products on your site.
    Omakase ( http://affiliate-program.amazon.com/gp/associates/network/build-links/optimized/main.html )- Leave it up to us! Omakase links show your site visitors what they're most likely to buy based on Amazon's unique understanding of your site, the visitor, and the page itself. aStore ( http://affiliate-program.amazon.com/gp/associates/astore/main.html ) - Build your own online store featuring products from Amazon, and organize them into your own categories or use Amazon's categories.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 10:

     

    Chapter 10: The PR Plan.

     

    The most important thing to remember as you develop a marketing and PR plan is to put your products and services to the side for just a little while and focus your complete attention on the buyers of your products or those who will donate, subscribe, join, or apply.

    Case study: What is Starbucks really about? (p. 113).

     

    Standard public-relations education is still about the four Ps--

    • product,

    • place,

    • price, and

    • promotion.

     

    In ordered to succeed on the web under the new rules of marketing and PR, you need to consider your organizational goals and then focus on your publics first.

     

    What we need to do is lineup PR objectives with those of the organization.

    • The first step is to determine your business goals.

    • The next step is to learn as much as you can about your publics and to segment them into groups so you can reach them through your web publishing efforts.

    Buyer persona is a representative type of buyer that you have identified as having a specific interest in your organization or product or having a market problem that your product or service solves. A buyer persona is a micro target.

     

    BUYER PERSONAS

    Build a persona profile, essentially a kind of biography for each group you will target to achieve your goals.

    the best way to learn about publics and develop fire persona profiles is to interview people.

    A persona file is a short biography of the typical customer, not just the job description, but a person description. The buyer persona profile gives you a chance to turn truly empathize with target buyers, to step out of your role as someone who wants to promote a product and see, through your buyers prize, the circumstances that drive their decision process. The persona file includes information on the typical buyer's background, daily activities, and current solutions for their problems. Name your persona. Consider the demographics.

     

    One of the simplest ways to build an effective website is to create great public relations programs using online content to target a specific personas that you have created. The typical website is one size fits all, with the content organized by the company's products or services, not by categories corresponding to personas and their associated problems.

     

    Identify the best ways to reach publics and develop compelling messages that you will use in your web public relations programs.

    • Do they go first to a search engine?

    • If so, what words and phrases to the answer?

    • Which blogs, chat rooms, forums, and online news sites do they read?

    • By the open to audio or video?

    Use the actual words buyers use. Read the publications that publics read. Learn the phrases that buyers use.

     

    An important component of the website based on persona research is thought leadership based content.

     

    Webinars can be valuable.

     

    Think about what you want each of your personas to believe about your organization.

    • What messages would you use to reach them on the web?

    • What is each of buyer persona really buying from you?

    • Is it a great customer service?

    • The safe choice?

    • Luxury?

    • And don't forget that different buyer personas by a different things from your organization.

    Think like a publisher. Develop an editorial plan to reach your publics with focused content in the media that they prefer.

     

    Interesting case study: launching a baby dinosaur. Page 128.

     

    Many people who adhere to the old rules will fight you on this strategy. Millions of people are online right now looking for answers to their problems. When they find your organization? And if so, what will they find? Remember, on the web, you are what you publish.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 11:

     

    Chapter 11. Online Thought Leadership to Brand Your Organization as a Trusted Resource.

     

    An effective online and content strategy, artfully executed, drives action. Organizations that use online content well have a clearly defined goal, sell products, generate leads, secure contributions, get people to join, or deploy a content strategy that directly contributes to reaching that goal.

     

    When using a blog, podcast, white paper, e-book, e-mail newsletter, webinar, your organization can exercise thought leadership rather than simple advertising and product promotion.

     

    A well-crafted white paper, e-book, or webinar contributes to an organization's positive reputation by setting it apart in the marketplace of ideas.

     

    The first thing you need to do is put away your company hat for a moment and think like one of your buyer personas.

     

    Thought leadership content is crucial.

     

    For purposes of public-relations, provide Web content. An e-book is a PDF, formatted document that identifies a problem and supplies an answer to the problem. Scott recommends that e-books be presented in a landscape format, rather than the white papers portrait format. Well executed e-books have lots of white space, interesting graphics and images, and copy that is typically written in a lighter style than the denser white paper. In Scott's view e-books as marketing tools should be free, and Scott strongly suggests that there be no registration requirement.

     

    E-mail newsletters are way to deliver a regular series of thought leadership content.

     

    Webinars are online seminars that may include audio, video, or graphic images, typically in the form of PowerPoint slides, and are often used by technology companies as a tool about a specific problem that technology can solve.

     

    Wiki's are started by an organization as thought leadership content because it wants to be seen as an important player in a distinct new marketplace.

     

    You can use a wiki to allow your users to add their own frequently asked questions, and other people can supply answers, which helps everyone. People love being a part of the community, and they really like that a wiki gives them a way to discuss their interests.

     

    Research and survey reports are used by many companies that conduct research projects or surveys and publish the results for free. This can be an effective approach if the research or survey is real and statistically significant and the results are interesting to your publics.

     

    A blog is a personal website written by someone who is passionate about his subject and wants the world to know about it. Writing a blog is the easiest and simplest way to get your thought leadership ideas out and into the market.

     

    Podcasts are an ongoing series of audio downloads available by subscription that are very popular as thought leadership content.

     

    Video content, podcasts, and vlogs are regularly updated the videos that offer a powerful opportunity to demonstrate your thought leadership.

     

    What should you write? Do not write about your company and your products. Thought leadership content is designed to solve by your problems or answer questions and to show that you and your organization are smart and worth doing business with. This PR technique is not a brochure or sales pitch. Thought leadership is not advertising.

     

    Define your organizational goals first.

     

    Based on your goals, decide whether you want to provide the content for free and without any registration. Without registration, you will get many more people to use the content, but you won't know who they are--or you want to include some kind of registration mechanism. This will cause much lower response rates, but you build the contact list.

     

    Think like a publisher by understanding your audience. Consider what market problems your personas are faced with and develop topics that appealed to them.

     

    Write for your audience. It used examples and stories. Make it interesting.

     

    Choose a great title that grabs attention use subtitles to describe what the content will deliver.

     

    Promote the efforts like crazy. Offer the content on your site with easy to find links. Add a link to the employees e-mail signatures, and get partners to offer links as well.

     

    To drive the viral marketing effects, alert appropriate reporters, bloggers, and analysts that the content is available and send them a doubt the download link.

     

    The Web and the blogosphere requires a different kind of thinking on the part of marketers. It is about being insightful. Participate in the discussions going on, not just try to shout your message over everyone else. Done well, Web content that delivers authentic thought leadership also brands and organization as one to do business with.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 12:

     

    Chapter 12: Write for your buyers!

     

    Your clients or buyers, and the media that cover your company, want to know what specific problems your product or services solves. They want proof that it works, in plain language. Your publics want to hear this in their own words. Every time you write, even in news releases, you have an opportunity to communicate.

     

    See information top of page 145.

     

    Sometimes PR professionals do not understand their publics, their problems, or how their services or product help solve these problems. That's where the gobbledygook happens.

     

    Your PR is meant to be the beginning of a relationship with publics, buyers, and journalists.

    be careful to avoid corporate jargon, but you don't want to sound like you're trying too hard either,. That always comes across as phony. Talk to your audience as you might talk to her relative you do not see too often. Be friendly and familiar, but also respectful.

     

    Avoid overused words.

    Readers of Scott's blog and others suggested some gobbledygook words and phrases to be avoided, such as best practices, proactive, synergy, starting a dialogue, thinking outside the box, revolutionary, situational fluency, paradigm shift. Additional overused words include the following:

    • Leading.

    • We are excited about.

    • Solutions.

    • A wide range of.

    • Unparalleled.

    • Unsurpassed.

    Your publics want information in their own words, and that they want proof. Every time you write, you have an opportunity to communicate and to convince.

     

    Brochure Preview Directly Quoted from AllAbout.Com

    1. Know Your Brochure's Function in the Buying Process
    Your product, the market, even your approach to how you want to make the sale are all major factors in how you write your brochure. Determine where your brochure functions in the buying process:

    • Leave-Behinds - Named for the type of brochure you leave behind after meeting a potential customer.

       

    • Point-of-sale - The type of brochure you may pick up while waiting in line at the bank.

       

    • Respond to Inquiries - Someone asks about a specific product and you drop a brochure in the mail to them to follow up.

       

    • Direct Mail - Your sales letter sells but you can also include your brochure into your direct mail package.

       

    • Sales Support Tool - Similar to leave-behinds but you use this type as a selling aid through a sales pitch.

    2. Know If Your Brochure Stands Alone
    Some companies have one brochure for one product and that's it. Others use their brochure in combination with other advertising mediums (commercials, print ads, direct mail, etc.). If you're writing a brochure to be used with other forms of advertising, your content will be determined by the ad campaign.

     

    For example, you've written the perfect direct mail package. Your sales letter covers the reasons your prospect has to buy your product now.

     

    Don't follow up your direct mail masterpiece with a repetitious brochure. You've already convinced your potential customer that you have a great product. Now show them the benefits and features your product offers.

     

    3. Know Your Audience
    You've already determined where your brochure fits into the buying process. Don't forget to target that particular audience.

    Decide what type of information this audience needs and write your brochure accordingly. You wouldn't want to write a respond to inquiry brochure the same way you'd write a sales support brochure.

     

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    Lesson 2 Create a brochure describing a process or proj...

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 13:

     

    Chapter 13. Web content.

     

    B2B = Business to Business

    Content drives action on websites, but unfortunately, the content aspect is often overlooked.

     

    Consider these questions your publics have:

    • Does this is organization care about me?

    • Does it focus on the problems I face?

    • Does this site only include information describing what the company has to offer from its own narrow perspective?

    You need to start with the site navigation that is designed and organized with your public in mind. Don't simply mimic the way your company or group is organized. You should learn as much as possible about the buying process, focusing on issues such as how people find your site or the length of a typical purchase cycle.

     

    One way many organizations approach navigation is to link to landing pages based on the problems your product or services solve.

     

    It's not an either or decision. It's worth having your message in different formats.

    Not only do people like different formats, but psychologists have shown that people learn better with different media.

    PR professionals should have messages in as many formats as practical. Even though the messages are the same, they will appeal to different groups of people.

     

    It is important to create a distinct, consistent, and memorable sight, and an important component of that goal is the tone or voice of the content.

     

    I'm feeling lucky, which is a fun and playful way to get you directly to the top listing in the search results, is a strategy Google uses.

    Be wary of very different large image sizes and of using distracting multimedia content like flash video. Visitors want to access content quickly, they want sites that load fast, and they don't want to be distracted.

     

    A good site provides a great way to engage visitors, build their interests, and move them through your sales cycle. You might consider stockbroker, charting applications, e-mail your Congressman tools, for example. Make sure you have an easy to find contact us link. Continue page 158.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 15:

     

    Chapter 15. Media room.

     

    The online at media room, sometimes called a press room or press page, is that part of your organization's website that you create specifically for the media. In some organizations to his page is simply a list of news releases with contact information for the organization's PR person. But many companies and nonprofits have the elaborate online media rooms with a great deal of information available in many different formats: audio, video, photos, news releases, background information, financial data, and much more.

    All kinds of people will visit your online media room, not just journalists.

     

    Your publics, your current customers, partners, investors, suppliers, and employees all visit those pages.

     

    When people want to know what's current about an organization, they go to an online media room.

     

    Visitors expect that the main pages of the media site are basically static. That means they do not update often. But they also expect that the news releases and media targeted pages on a site will be fueled the very latest about a company.

    Design your online media room for your buyers. By building a media room that targets publics, you will not only enhance your pages as a powerful marketing tool, you will also make a better media site for journalists.

     

    When news releases are posted on your site, search engine crawlers will find the content, index it, and rank it based on words, phrases, and other factors.

     

    When designing a new online media room, or planning an extensive redesign, starts with a needs analysis.

    When you have collected some information, build publics and journalists needs into your online media room.

     

    The best online media rooms are built with the understanding that some visitors need to search for content and others are browsing. Many people already know what they are looking for, the latest release, perhaps, or the name of the CEO. The second way that people use content is to be told something that they do not already know and therefore couldn't think to ask.

     

    You should publish a set of background materials about your organization, sometimes called an online media kit or press kit, in an easy to find place in your online media room.

     

    Innovative communicators make use of non-text content, such as photos, charts, graphs, audio feeds, and video clips, to inform site visitors and the media.

     

    Communicators who use online media rooms to offer valuable content are more likely to succeed. Organizations often shy away from posting much of their content because they deem it proprietary. On many sites, even information like detailed product or services specifications and price lists are available only through a direct connection with the PR contact or a lengthy registration form with approval mechanisms. Yet this is exactly the sort of content that, if freely available, would help convince journalists to write a story.

    The more valuable. Your media groups content looks to reporters and buyers, the more attractive your company will look to them as well.

     

    The effort to create an offer or give local content customers worldwide can help an organization better serve both local and global journalists.

    Don't forget that the rest of the world uses different paper size, so having fact sheets and other materials that print properly on both formats is useful to users outside the United States. Providing content in local languages can also help show the global aspects of your business, though this need not mean a wholesale translation of your entire online media room. A simple web landing page with basic information in the local language, a few news releases, a case study or two, and appropriate local contact information will often suffice.

     

    Some journalists may never have written about your company before; they need the basics spelled out in easy to understand language.

     

    The best way to get your organization journalists calendars is to make certain that they know where your executives will be appearing.

    It is a great idea to include special offers for the media. Perhaps the simplest thing to offer is an executive interview.

    Embrace bloggers as you do traditional journalists.

     

    Avoid jargon, acronyms, and industry speak.

     

    Many organizations have the RSS subscription page as part of the online media room and use it as a primary way to does it hurt news release content.

     

    The online media room is one place on your organization's website that you can control, without interference, approval processes, so it presents a terrific opportunity for marketing and PR people to get content out into the marketplace. On the web, success equals content.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 16:

     

    Chapter 16. The new rules for reaching the media.

     

    For years, PR people have been shot gun blasting news releases and blind pitches to hundreds, or even thousands, of journalists at a time. They failed to give any thought to what each release actually covers, just because the media databases we subscribed to make it so simple to do.

     

    The PR spam approach simply doesn't work. What's worse spam brands our organization as one of the bad guys.

     

    Pay attention to what individual reporters write about by reading their stories. Better yet, read their blogs. And write specific and targeted pitches crafted especially for them. Or start a real relationship with reporters, by commenting on their blogs or sending them information that is not just a blatant pitch for your company.

     

    The new rules of media relations:

    • Nontargeted, broadcast pitches are spam.

    • News releases sent to reporters in subject areas they do not cover are spam.

    • Reporters who'd do not know you, yet are looking for organizations like yours and product or services like yours, make sure they will find you on sites such as Google and Technorati.

    • If you blog, reporters who covered the space will find you.

    • Pitch bloggers, because being covered in important blogs will get you noticed by mainstream media.

    • When was the last news release you since? Make sure your organization is busy.

    • Journalists want a great online media room.

    • Some, but not all, reporters love RSS feeds.

    • Personal relationships with reporters are important.

    • Do not tell journalists what your product or service does. Tell them how you solve customer problems.

    • Does the reporter have a blog,? Read it.

    • Before you pitch, read, or listen to, or watch, the publication, or radio program, or TV show, you will be pitching too.

    • Once you go, what a reporter is interested in, sent her an individualized pitch crafted especially for her needs.

    Blogging is a terrific way to get exposure, because the rate of pickup and amplification is remarkable.

     

    Sometimes you really want to target a specific publication:

    • Target one reporter at a time.

    • Help the journalists to understand the big picture.

    • Explain how customers use your product or services or work with your organization.

    • Don't send e-mail attachments unless asked.

    • Follow up promptly with potential context.

    • Don't forget, it is a two-way street, journalists need your pitch.

    As one journalist says, "The single most effective thing PR people do is read what I write and send me personalized, smart pitches for stories that I actually like to write."

     

    If you have a small thing to pitch, pitch it. But try also to think of the bigger story that it can fit into, such as a page 1 or Sunday section front story. That could even wind up meaning your company is mentioned alongside three or four other competitors, but wouldn't you rather be mentioned in a page 1 story than in a 120 word News brief?

     

    There is no doubt that mainstream media are still vital as a channel for your publics to learn about your product or services.

    Reporters have a job to do, and they need the help that PR people can provide to them. To get noticed, you need to be smart about how you'd tell your story on the web, and about how you tell your story to journalists.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 18:

     

    Chapter 18. Podcasting and video.

     

    Creating audio and video content for marketing and PR purposes requires the same attention to appropriate topics. It requires targeting individual buyer personas with a thoughtful message that addresses some aspect of their life or a problem they face. By doing so, EU brand your organization is smart and worthy of doing business with.

     

    Podcasting.

    A podcast is a piece of audio content tied to a subscription component so people can receive regular updates.

    The most important thing is show preparation.

    You will want to have a script laid out ahead of time.

    Show preparation and includes gathering ideas for the show and creating a script.

    Recording when you are near your computer is done with a microphone, many options to choose from, that delivers the audio into your computer.

     

    Mobile recording gear is required if you are going to do the roving reporter thing and interview people at events or perhaps your employees around the world.

     

    Phone interviews require a single recording switch device, such as those built by Telos systems, that connects to your telephone.

    Editing your audio files is optional; you can always just upload the files as you recorded them.

    Postproduction editing sometimes includes running a noise reduction program to get rid of that annoying air conditioner noise in the background. And sound compression, to even out volume of sections that have been recorded at different times and places.

     

    Tagging the audio is an important step that some people overlook. This step involves adding text based information about the audio to make it easier for people to find. This information is what appears in the search engines and audio distribution sites such as iTunes. Your tags also display on listeners iPod displays, so don't ignore or gloss over this step.

     

    Hosting and distribution is necessary to ensure that people can easily obtain your podcasts.

    Promotion is essential to make sure that people find out about your podcasts.

    A companion blog is a key component used by nearly all broadcasters to discuss the content of each show.

     

    Case Study: Note student loan network case study, page 221.

     

    Podcasting is great public relations because, like blogging, it is a human voice. Most podcasts don't have a PR stamp on them, so the shows come across as being human. The reason why this is interesting is that there is a big marketing shift going on right now. The older, traditional advertising model, like 1950s TV, is that we publish and you consume. However, today's marketing model is that we publish any respond. It provides real feedback from real people, so there are real conversations and it is interactive.

     

    Customer service is no longer about spin, but instead becoming a part of the conversation.

    24 minutes is the average commute, which makes a good length for a podcast.

    The idea of companies using video for Web PR is still new.

    Methods of video distribution include the following:

    • Posting to video sharing sites.

    • Developing an online video channel.

    • Insertions into YouTube.

    • Vlogging is short for video blogging.

    Vodcasting. A vodcast is like a podcast but with video, a video series tied to a syndication component with itunes and RSS feeds.

    Inciting your customer communities to submit video.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 19:

     

    Chapter 19. Social networking sites and PR.

     

    My space has 55 million unique visitors as they spoke 14 million unique visitors in August 2006.

    PR on these sites can be tricky because the online community at social networking sites hates overt commercial messages.

     

    Case study: See the Volkswagen Helge case study page 230.

     

    Squidoo is based on people's expertise in a niche subject. Squiddoo is another way for marketers to build an online presence easily and for free.

    See the auto repair a case study, page 232.

     

    To get the most out of us using social networking sites for PR, consider the following:

    • Target a specific audience.

    • Be a thought leader.

    • Be authentic and transparent.

    • Creates lots of links.

    • In courage people to contact you.

    • Participate.

    • Make it easy to find you.

    • Experiment.

    In the Web PR, the tools, techniques, and content are constantly evolving. This approach is more art than science, and your publics reward creativity by responding to your online efforts. But the Web moves very quickly.

     

    See the case study about Second Life.

    Try to imagine second life as a three-dimensional webpage.

    Text100 is a public-relations firm serving technology companies which has a PR office in Second Life.

     

    PR on the Web will continue to evolve quickly. Success comes from experimentation.

     

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 20:

     

    Chapter 20. Search engine PR and marketing.

     

    This entire book is about search engine marketing and PR.

     

    Let's start with a few basic definitions:

    Search engine PR means using search engines to reach your publics directly.

    Search engine optimization, SEO, is the art and science of ensuring that the words and phrases on your site, blog, and other online content are found by the search engines and that, once found, your site is given the highest ranking possible in the natural search results. That means, what the search engine algorithm deems important for the phrase entered.

    Search engine advertising is when a marketer pays to have advertising at pier in search engines when a user types in a particular phrase that the marketer has purchased.

     

    Many SEO firms are a bit on the shady side, promising stellar results from simply manipulating keywords on your site.

     

    Specific content to enlighten and inform the people who just clicked over to your site from the search engine.

     

    A landing page is simply a place to publish a targeted message for a particular demographic that you are trying to market to.

     

    Effective landing page copy is written from the publics perspective.

     

    Keep the following landing page guidelines in mind:

    • Make a landing page copy short and the graphics simple.

    • Create a page with your companies look, feel, and tone.

    • Right from the prospects point of view.

    • A landing page is communication, not advertising.

    • Provide a quote from a happy customer.

    • Make a landing page as self-contained unit.

    • Make the call to action clear and easy to respond to.

    • Use multiple calls to action.

    • Only ask for necessary information.

    • Don't forget to follow up!

    Quoted from or closely adapted from David Meerman Scott's The New Rules of Marketing and PR.

    Chapter 21:

     

    Chapter 21. Make it happen.

     

    There is no doubt that your organization will benefit from your getting out there and creating Web content in whatever form you are most comfortable with. But Scott is also convinced that no matter who you are or what you do, your professional and personal life will improve to. If you are an innovator with the ideas in this book, it may lead to greater recognition in the office. And if you are like many bloggers and podcast or is Scott knows, you will derive a therapeutic benefit as well. It is fun to blog and podcast and it makes you feel good to get your ideas out into the world.

     

    TRAINING PRESENTATION

    LPI Workshop
Presentation

     

    Do you need to train a group at work? Do you have an idea for conducting a Leadership Practices Inventory presentation at your place of worship?

     

    LPI Training Workshop

    • The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI)-Deluxe Facilitator's Guide Package (Loose-leaf, with CD-ROM Scoring Software, Self/Observer, Workbook, Planner & copy of The Leadership Challenge book ) (3rd ed.) by Kouzes and Posner. Jossey-Bass, 2003.

    LPI PRESENTATION. Use your facilitator's guide to actually conduct a Leadership Practices Inventory workshop. You are welcome to use any of my Measuring Leadership course materials and powerpoints you find helpful http://onlineacademics.org/CA670/ .

     

    OTHER TOPICS. You may need to provide a workshop or training presentation at work. You will need to conduct research and make an actual presentation, then document the presentation. Be sure you have discussion questions, an outline, PowerPoint, or some other documentation. Documentation might be in the form of a letter from your supervisor or someone who attended the training, a videotape, or photographs.

     

    Directly quoted or closely adapted from Kouzes & Posner. Unit 1

    PREFACE AND PART ONE: WHAT LEADERS DO AND WHAT CONSTITUENTS EXPECT

    In this course, we seek to study EXEMPLARY LEADERSHIP as defined by Kouzes and Posner. You will need to take the